Table 3.
Comparison of five major commercially available microbubble formulations used in studies for ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption (information sourced from manufacturer) and typical doses.
| Agent | Manufacturer | Shell Composition | Gas Core Composition | Mean Bubble Diameter (µm) | Bubble Concentration (Bubbles/mL) | Use in Identified Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definity®/Luminity® | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.1–3.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | Used in n = 42 preclinical studies (typical doses: 10–20 µL/kg) and n = 6 clinical studies (typical dose: 4 µL/kg) |
| Optison® | GE Healthcare | Protein | C3F8 | 3.0–4.5 | 5–8 × 108 | Used in n = 14 preclinical studies (typical doses: 50–100 µL/kg but significantly varied in mice studies) |
| SonoVue®/Lumason® | Bracco Diagnostics | Lipid | SF6 | 1.5–2.5 | 1.5–5.6 × 108 | Used in n = 29 preclinical studies (typical doses 25–150 µL/kg) and n = 2 clinical studies (typical dose: 100 µL/kg) |
| Usphere Prime® | Trust Bio-sonics |
Lipid | C3F8 | 1.0 | 2.8 × 1010 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
| Sonazoid® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | C4F10 | 2.0–3.0 | 9 × 108 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |