Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1	(ACC1)
AMP-activated protein kinase	(AMPK)
Cell death activator	(CIDEA)
Control	(no MN, no INT)
DID-loaded MN	(MN (DID) alone)
DID-loaded INT	(INT (DID) alone)
DID-loaded MN followed by INT	(MN (DID) + INT)
Dimethylformamide	(DMF)
Elongase of very long chain fatty acids-3	(ELOVL3)
Glucose tolerance test	(GTT)
GTT area under the curve	(GTT-AUC)
Glucose transporter type 2	(GLUT2)
Glycolic acid	(GA)
Gonadal WAT	(GWAT)
Hematoxylin and eosin	(H&E)
High-performance liquid chromatography	(HPLC)
high density lipoprotein	(HDL)
High fat diet	(HFD)
Inguinal WAT	(IgWAT)
Iontophoresis	(INT)
Lactic acid	(LA)
Low density lipoprotein	(LDL)
Metformin-loaded MN	(MN (met) alone)
Metformin-loaded INT	(INT (met) alone)
Metformin-loaded MN followed by INT	(MN (met) + INT)
Microneedles	(MN)
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1	(MCP1)
No metformin loaded in MN or INT	(MN + INT (blank))
Phosphorylated AMPK	(pAMPK)
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)	(PLGA)
Polydimethylsiloxane	(PDMS)
PR domain containing 16	(PRDM16)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	(PEPCK)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha	(PGC1$\mathsf{\alpha }$)
Respiratory exchange ratio	(RER)
Scanning electron microscope	(SEM)
Sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1	(SIRT1)
Transmembrane protein 26	(TMEM26)
Tumor necrosis factor	(TNFα)
Uncoupling protein 1	(UCP1)
Very low-density lipoprotein	(VLDL)
White adipose tissue	(WAT)
Zic Family Member 1	(ZIC1)
1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt	(DID)
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (ammonium salt)	(Rohd-PE)