AKI	Acute kidney injury
ARDS	Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ADA2	Adenosine deaminase 2
AOSD	Adult-onset Still’s disease
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
AHSP	Alpha hemoglobin–stabilizing protein
ACR	American College of Rheumatology
ACE-2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
ANKRD55	Ankyrin Repeat Domain 55
APC	Antigen-presenting cell
ANA	Antinuclear antibodies
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
AID	Autoinflammatory disease
BCL6	B-cell lymphoma 6 protein, encoded by the BCL6 gene
bDMARDs	Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
CP	Calprotectin
CLS	Capillary leak syndrome
CASP8	Caspase-8
CCL23	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 23
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CXCL1	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
CCL2	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
CID	Clinically inactive disease
CD6	Cluster of Differentiation 6
CD163	Cluster of Differentiation 163
C3a	Complement component 3a
C3b	Complement component 3b
cNK	Conventional NK cells
CNVs	Copy number variations
CRP	C-reactive protein
COVID-CS	Cytokine storm COVID-19
CSS	Cytokine storm syndrome
CMV	Cytomegalovirus
CTL	Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte
CTLA4	Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4
DAMP	Damage-associated molecular pattern
DAMPs	Danger (or damage)-associated molecular patterns
DMARDs	Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
DIC	Disseminated intravascular coagulation
ELP	Endogenous lipoid pneumonia
EHEC	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
ERA	Enthesitis-related arthritis
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus
EBV-HLH	Epstein-Barr virus-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
ESR	Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ALAS2	Erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase
EULAR	European League Against Rheumatism
FMF	Familial Mediterranean Fever
FasL	Fas ligand
Fg	Fibrinogen
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
GF	Glycosylated ferritin
G-CSF	Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
GAS	Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci
HSPB1	Heat shock protein beta-1
HSC	Hematopoietic stem cell
HLH	Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
HMGB1	High mobility group box-1
hsCRP	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HLA	Human leukocyte antigen
IgM-RF	Immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor
H1N1	Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
ILCs	Innate lymphoid cells
ILC1s	Innate lymphoid cells group 1
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
IRF	Interferon regulatory factors
IL6ST	Interleukin 6 Signal Transducer
IL-18BP	IL-18 binding protein
IV	Intravenous
KD	Kawasaki disease
KDSS	KD shock syndrome
KIRs	Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
KLRF1	Killer cell lectin-like receptor F1
KLRB1	Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1
KLRG1	Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1
KITLG	KIT ligand
KLF1	Kruppel-like factor 1
LDH	Lactic acid dehydrogenase
LRG	Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LD	Lung disease
TNFSF1	Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) = tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β)
MAS	Macrophage activation syndrome
sJIA-MAS	Macrophage activation syndrome in sJIA
MIF	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
MMP-1	Matrix metalloproteinase 1
MEFV	Mediterranean fever
MAC	Membrane attack complex
MTX	Methotrexate
MCP1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
MODS-CoV-2	Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2
MIS-C	Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
RMD	Musculoskeletal rheumatic disease
MPO-DNA complexes	Myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes
mDC	Myeloid dendritic cell
MRP	Myeloid-related protein
NK	Natural killer
NKT cells	Natural killer T cells
cNK	Conventional NK
trNK	Tissue-resident NK
NETs/NETosis	Neutrophil extracellular traps
NLR	NOD-like receptor
nsJIA	Non-systemic forms of JIA
NOD	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization
NLRP	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain
NLRP3	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NLRs	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors = NOD-like receptors
OSM	Oncostatin M
PAMP	Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors
PIMS-TS	Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome temporarily associated with SARS-CoV-2
PRINTO	Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization
PRF1	Perforin 1
PBMC	Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PMN, PML, or PMNL	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
pHLH	Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
PCT	Procalcitonin
PKC	Protein kinase C
PAP	Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
PIC	Pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products
rIL-1Ra	Recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist
rr	Reference range
RMD	Rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease
RUNX1	Runt-related transcription factor 1
RUNX3	Runt-related transcription factor 3
sec-HLH	Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
SAA	Serum Amyloid A
STAT	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
STAT4	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4
SNP	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
SIRT2	Sirtuin 2
sJIA-LD	sJIA-associated lung disease
sRAGE	Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products
SULT1A1	Sulfotransferase 1A1
SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
SURFS	Systemic undifferentiated recurring fever syndromes
TIM-3	T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3
TMA	Thrombotic microangiopathy
trNK cells	Tissue-resident (tr)NK cells
TWEAK	TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis
TCZ	Tocilizumab
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TMPRSS2	Transmembrane serine protease 2
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TNFR1	Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
TRAF1/C5	Tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated factor 1 and C5 (complement component 5)
TRAPS	Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome
PTPN2	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2
UNC13D	Unc-13 Homolog D
WGCNA	Weighted gene co-expression network analysis
↑	Increased
↓	Decreased