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. 2022 Mar 25;12(4):527. doi: 10.3390/jpm12040527

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Total ghrelin and ghrelin (AG)-to-des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) ratio in plasma of children with different types of epilepsy and treated with appropriate antiseizure medications (ASMs). In (A), significantly low levels of mean total ghrelin plasma levels were reported in generalized epilepsies (G) in comparison to combined generalized and focal (GF) epilepsies. In (B), the mean total ghrelin in plasma at basal levels (CBZ, n = 7; ETS, n = 3; LEV, n = 13; VPA, n = 9) was not affected by the type of ASM at T1 (CBZ, n = 6; ETS, n = 2; LEV, n = 11; VPA, n = 8) and T2 (CBZ, n = 3; ETS, n = 2; LEV, n = 9; VPA, n = 4). Significantly low levels of AG-to-DAG ratio were reported only in children suffering from G, in comparison to focal (F) and GF epilepsies (C). These findings were also not affected by the time of ASM or time (D). * p < 0.050 G vs. GF; ° p < 0.050 G vs. F; Duncan’s method. Abbreviations: CBZ, carbamazepine; ETS, ethosuximide; LEV, levetiracetam; VPA, valproic acid.