Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of different principles involved in nanoparticles mediated therapy for CVRDs: (1) liposomal vesicle decorated with RGD and EWVDV peptide for targeting the GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors present on activated platelets for inhibiting thrombus formation, respectively, (2) verapamil encapsulated nanostructured lipid carrier shows higher cellular uptake and inhibit L-type calcium channel consequently antagonize α-adrenergic receptor, (3) iron-based porous metallic nanoparticles shows uptake by pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cell, (4) 17-β estradiol and C6-ceramide loaded nanoemulsion inhibits VSMC proliferation, supports EC proliferation and cease restenosis, (5) andrographolide loaded self-assembled (PEG-PES) ROS responsive micelles render benefit of ROS generation associated with atherosclerosis therapy, (6) PPACK and urokinase decorated perfluorocarbon nanoparticle targets the coagulation cascade and inhibits thrombus formation, (7) PPAR-γ agonist containing PLGA nanoparticles that interacts with PPAR-γ receptors present on macrophages and provides cardio-protection in myocardial infarction.