Table 1.
Clinical, anthropometric, and hemodynamic parameters.
| Parameter | Pooled | Age Groups (years) | Trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–45 | 46–70 | >70 | p | ||
| Subjects | 75 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
| Gender, M/F | 25/50 | 9/16 | 8/17 | 8/17 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | n.s. |
| Height, cm | 166.9 ± 9.3 | 170.3 ± 8.8 | 166.9 ± 9.0 | 163.0 ± 9.0 | 0.03 |
| Weight, kg | 68.0 ± 12.2 | 67.6 ± 10.4 | 69.7 ± 13.5 | 66.6 ± 12.8 | n.s. |
| Brachial Systolic BP, mmHg | 126.4 ± 20.0 | 112.6 ± 11.2 | 124.2 ± 13.5 | 142.2 ± 21.4 | <0.0001 |
| Central Systolic BP, mmHg | 114.3 ± 18.4 | 101.0 ± 11.2 | 113.0 ± 12.1 | 128.8 ± 19.2 | <0.0001 |
| Brachial PP, mmHg | 55.7 ± 17.0 | 47.1±7.9 | 49.6 ± 11.5 | 70.4 ± 18.7 | <0.0001 |
| Central PP, mmHg | 43.6 ± 15.5 | 35.4 ± 8.0 | 38.3 ± 10.6 | 57.0 ± 16.6 | <0.0001 |
| Mean BP, mmHg | 89.2 ± 11.7 | 81.3 ± 7.1 | 91.2 ± 8.6 | 95.3 ± 13.8 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70.± 10.1 | 65.6 ± 5.8 | 74.6 ± 8.0 | 71.8 ± 13.2 | 0.005 |
| LVET, ms | 296.1 ± 28.9 | 294.8 ± 22.0 | 303.4 ± 24.7 | 290.1 ± 37.3 | n.s. |
| Diastolic Time, ms | 592.0 ± 116.6 | 594.0 ± 101.0 | 575.2 ± 131.2 | 606.9 ± 118.2 | n.s. |
| Heart Rate, bpm | 69.1 ± 10.3 | 68.6 ± 8.7 | 70.1 ± 11.9 | 68.4 ± 10.4 | n.s. |
| Amplification, mmHg | 12.1 ± 4.3 | 11.6 ± 2.6 | 11.2 ± 4.7 | 13.4 ± 5.0 | n.s. |
| PP Amplification, % | 30.1 ± 11.5 | 34.6 ± 10.6 | 31.1 ± 12.9 | 24.8 ± 8.8 | 0.008 |
| AIx, % | 12.8 ± 20.7 | −8.5 ± 11.7 | 20.1 ± 16.7 | 26.7 ± 13.1 | <0.0001 |
| cf-PWV, m/s | 9.90 ± 4.81 | 6.35 ± 0.99 | 8.03 ± 2.38 | 15.33 ± 4.13 | <0.0001 |
| cr-PWV, m/s | 8.41 ± 1.58 | 7.76 ± 1.75 | 8.82 ± 1.51 | 8.72 ± 1.24 | 0.04 |
| Carotid cross-sectional | |||||
| Compliance, μm/mmHg | 9.79 ± 4.89 | 15.28 ± 3.36 | 8.57 ± 2.22 | 5.54 ± 2.41 | <0.0001 |
| Distensibility, mmHg−1 | 1.50 ± 0.86 | 2.49 ± 0.55 | 1.27 ± 0.37 | 0.74 ± 0.38 | <0.0001 |
| Elastic Modulus, mmHg | 977 ± 663 | 427 ± 127 | 864 ± 276 | 1641 ± 691 | <0.0001 |
| Stiffness Index | 4.26 ± 2.49 | 2.17 ± 0.61 | 3.77 ± 1.07 | 6.84 ± 2.40 | <0.0001 |
| Carotid Global Slope | 9.4 ± 4.7 | 14.7 ± 3.3 | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 2.2 | <0.0001 |
| Carotid Systolic Slope | 9.7 ± 4.9 | 15.1 ± 3.6 | 8.7 ± 2.3 | 5.3 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Carotid Diastolic Slope | 11.9 ± 5.9 | 18.4 ± 4.1 | 10.4 ± 3.3 | 6.9 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 |
Data are shown for the whole cohort (first column), and by dividing the cohort in tertiles of age. Last column shows the statistical significance of the parameter variation trend as a function of age. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. AIx, augmentation index; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; cf-PWV, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; cr-PWV, carotid–radial pulse wave velocity; LVET, left ventricular ejection time; M/F, males/females; n.s., not significant; PP, pulse pressure.