Table 5.

Comparison of Three Measurement Methods of ICD between Genders and Ethnicities

Ethnicity	Mean ICD (mm)			P
	Direct	2D Image	3D Image
African
Men	39.8	44.4	36.5	<0.001
Women	37.5	34.7*	34.4*	<0.001
Asian
Men	36.4	37.9	35.7	<0.001
Women	35.2	36.5	35.5	<0.001
White
Men	31.5	34.5	32.0	<0.001
Women	30.0	33.2	31.4	<0.001
Hispanic
Men	N/A	N/A	31.5	N/A
Women	N/A	N/A	31.7	N/A
Middle Eastern
Men	31.6†	31.5†	31.8	0.479
Women	31.0	30.7	30.9	<0.001
South/Southeast Asian
Men	34.6	32.3	31.1	<0.001
Women	33.8	32.4	30.2	<0.001

*Denotes a nonsignificant difference when comparing 2D with 3D measurement modalities in African women.

†Denotes a nonsignificant difference when comparing direct with 2D measurements in Middle Eastern men.