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SARS-CoV-2 entry. Spike protein domain S1 is pre-activated by the host furin. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of S1 binds to the ACE2 receptor. Cleavage at S2′ site by the type 2 transmembrane protease (TMPRSS2) causes further structural changes in the spike protein and expose the fusion peptide (FP) of S2 that enables the fusion of the viral and host cells. The furin-cleaved S1 fragment of the spike protein may also bind directly to neuropilin-1 (NRP-1).
