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Simplified drawing of the “tortuous path” produced by the incorporation of exfoliated clay nanoparticles into a polymer matrix. (A) Neat polymer (diffusing gas molecules follow a pathway perpendicular to the film orientation); (B) non-interacting nanocomposite (impermeable platelets hinders direct diffusion); (C) interacting nanocomposite (the polymer strands are “immobilized” at the polymer–nanofiller interface and the overall free volume available is reduced.
