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. 2022 Apr 6;12(4):217. doi: 10.3390/bios12040217

Table 1.

Photoplethysmography sensors.

Sensor type Application Sensing Element Key Parameters Ref.
Wrist-worn
reflectance LED 		Motion artifact reduction PP: Four x OSRAM SFH7050, Motion Sensor: InvenSense MPU9250 Wavelengths 530, 660, 940 nm [75]
Chest reflectance LED PPG sensor HR, BP from PPG and PCG PPG: Osram SFH 7060, PCG 1 NXP Semiconductors MPXV7002 Wavelengths 3 × 530, 660, 950 nm [56]
Body-worn reflectance LED PPG Skin and muscle perfusion Eight x LED, Three x PD
line/circle configuration		 Wavelengths 560, 880 nm [61]
PPG hands and legs measurement PPG and ECG system for cardiovascular Seven PPG probes: STMicroelectronics SiPM detector, Roither LasetTechnick SMC940 LED Wavelength 940 nm [63]
Finger-worn organic pulse meter HR OLED 2, OPD 3 Wavelength 625 nm, 46 dB SNR, a constant current of 93.6 µA [70]
Wrist-worn watch with LED PPG HR, SpO2 PPG: Analog Devices ADPD144RI, Accelerometer: Analog Devices ADXL362 Wavelengths 660, 880 nm, Power consumption 30 μW for a 75 dB, 25 Hz output [72]
Wrist-worn printed organic HR, SpO2 OLED 2, OPD 3
multichannel PPG		 Wavelengths: Red and IR [74]
PPG probe PPG and ECG pattern OSRAM LT M673 LEDs, STMicroelectronics SiPM detector Wavelength 529 nm [77]
PPG reflection sensors HR, SpO2 Maxim Integrated MAX86140/MAX86141 Wavelengths 530, 560, 570, 590 nm [81]
Ear-worn reflectance LED sensor PPG during hypothermia Excelitas technologies CR 50 IRH and CR 50 1M LEDs, 10 BP-BH PD Wavelengths 658, 870 nm [128]
Glasses HR Reflectance PPG on the nose - [84]
Flexible body
attachment		 HR, BT Reflectance PPG with thermistor NFC, placed on wrist, fingertip, temple, or neck [85]
Flexible body
attachment		 HR, SpO2 Reflectance PPG Wavelengths 625, 950 nm, NFC, placed on thumbnail, or ear lobe [12]
Flexible plaster HR, SpO2, RR Reflectance PPG Wavelengths 633, 940 nm NFC, graphene PDs [90]
Mobile phone HR, RR, SpO2 Motorola Droid phone camera Advanced signal processing [93]
Laboratory device HR, ECG, SpO2, BP PPG: HKG-07B, ECG: HKD-10C: Pressure HK-2000 (all Hefei Huake Information Technology) Integrated PPG, ECG, and pressure pulse wave for cardiovascular disease [113]
MW 4-PPG pad MW 4-PPG spectrometer 15 channels MW 4-PPG sensor,
plasmonic filters integrated CMOS imager		 Wavelengths 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, 620, 625, 630, 635, 640, 930, 935, 940, 945, 950 nm [87]
Finger-worn reflectance LED MW 4-PPG spectrometer PPG: plasmonic filters integrated onto a regular photodetector Wavelengths 515, 630, 940 nm [87]
Opto-electronic patch sensor MW 4 -PPG
movement		 PPG: Four channel board Dialog Devices DISCO4 Wavelengths 525, 590, 650, 870 nm [88,89,115]
MW 4-PPG sensor HR, BP Four channels MW 4-PPG sensor Wavelengths 470, 570, 590, 940 nm, Sampling frequency 1 kHz [114]
Flexible wearables HR, RR, SpO2 OLED 2, OPD 3, POF 5 for signal transport PD current 0.05–4 μA, Signal frequency 0.05–30 Hz [1,6]
Electrooptical muscle sensor Muscle contraction One x LEDs Rodan HIRL 8810, 4x PD Siemens BPW34 Wavelength 880 nm, 4 PDs around LED [126]
Wearable Organic Optoelectronic Muscle contraction, SpO2 OLED 2, PDs Wavelengths 610, 700 nm [39]
Sensor for a skin evaluation Glucose level C8 MediSensors Raman spectroscopy sensor [7]
Finger-worn Glucose level, HR, SpO2 Two x LED, PD, Arduino
transmission and reflectance		 Wavelengths 525, 615 nm, 22 features from 29 s frames, Random Forest regression algorithm [91]
Wrist-worn Glucose level, HR Four x LED (OSRAM SFH7060 and Vishay VSMY2853), PD (400–1000 nm) Wavelengths 530, 660, 850, 950 nm, 24 features from 10 s frames, Partial least squares calibration algorithm [92]

1 Phonocardiology; 2 Organic LED; 3 Organic photodiodes; 4 Multi-wavelength; 5 Polymer optical fiber.