Table 5.
Summary of findings.
| Patient or population: patients with overweight and obese adults Settings: HIIT + fasting compared to other intervention in the treatment of overweight and obese adults Intervention: HIIT + fasting Comparison: HIIT alone or fasting alone or normal intervention | ||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks * (95% CI) |
Relative effect (95% CI) |
No of Participants (studies) |
Quality of the evidence (GRADE) |
| Corresponding risk | ||||
| HIIT + fasting | ||||
| Body mass | The mean body mass in the intervention groups was 2.97 lower (5.83 to 0.12 lower) |
242 (9 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3 |
|
| BMI | The mean BMI in the intervention groups was 1.22 lower (2.31 to 0.13 lower) |
207 (7 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3 |
|
| WC | The mean wc in the intervention groups was 4.33 lower (7.11 to 1.55 lower) |
184 (6 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3 |
|
| PFM | The mean percentage fat mass in the intervention groups was 1.05 lower (2.4 lower to 0.3 higher) |
169 (6 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3,4 |
|
| FM | The mean fat mass in the intervention groups was 2.18 lower (3.84 to 0.51 lower) |
163 (6 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3 |
|
| FFM | The mean free fat mass in the intervention groups was 0.32 higher (2.01 lower to 2.66 higher) |
193 (7 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3,4 |
|
| VO2peak | The mean vo2 in the intervention groups was 0.78 SD higher (0.42 to 1.14 higher) |
207 (7 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3 |
|
| FPG | The mean fpg in the intervention groups was 0.12 SD lower (0.51 lower to 0.27 higher) |
162 (7 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3,4 |
|
| FPI | The mean fpi in the intervention groups was 0.13 SD higher (0.21 lower to 0.47 higher) |
132 (6 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low 1,2,3,4 |
|
* The basis for the assumed risk (e.g., the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviations; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; PFM, percent fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass; WC, waist circumference; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin. GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. 1 The allocation concealment of some included studies was unclear. There was no blinding for participants and personnel in some included studies. The outcome assessment of some included studies was unclear. Final decision: we lowered the study limit by one level. 2 Although p > 0.05 and I2 = 0%, the fasting plans of studies were different. Final decision: we lowered the study limit by one level. 3 Number of participants < 400. Final decision: we lowered the study limit by one level. 4 The confidence interval reached the null effect. Final decision: we lowered the study limit by one level.