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. 2022 Apr 18;23(8):4447. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084447

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Decreases in reactive gliosis, activated microglia, and cell death induced by severe IVH after treatment with thrombin-preconditioned MSCs. Immunofluorescence micrographs and quantified averages of the ventricular area with (A) GFAP (red), (B) TUNEL (green), and (C) ED-1 (red) staining. The nucleus was visualized with DAPI (blue) (original magnification, ×200). (n = 7, 18, 15 and 19 in the NC group, IC group, INM group and ITM group, respectively.) Data are expressed as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared to the NC group, # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 compared to the IC group, $ p < 0.05 and $$ p < 0.01 compared to the treatment with naïve MSCs group; NC, normal control; IC, IVH control; INM, IVH with transplantation of naïve MSCs; ITM, IVH with transplantation of thrombin-preconditioned MSCs; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride; SEM, standard error of the mean.