Figure 3.

Mean and standard deviation of the range of motion of the glenohumeral joint, before and after breast cancer surgery: (a) flexion–extension before mastectomy; (b) flexion–extension after mastectomy. Movement of the ${\overrightarrow{z}}_{LA}$ axis of the arm with respect to the ${\overrightarrow{Z}}_T$ axis of the torso, from $R_{LA}^T$.