Table 5.
Wilcoxon Two-Sample with Monte Carlo Exact Test Results for behavior variables. Significant differences (Pr > |S-Mean| below 0.05) are bolded with an asterisk (*), and Pr > |S-Mean| equal to 0.01 or below are bolded with a double asterisk (**).
| Species | Behavior | Percent of Time | Statistic (S) |
Z-Score | Pr > |S-Mean| |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Mean ± SE) | Median (Range) | |||||||
| Zoo Closed | Zoo Open | Zoo Closed | Zoo Open | |||||
| Catalina Island Rattlesnake | Visibility | 99.61 ± 0.00 | 99.92 ± 0.08 | 100 (93.0–100) |
100 (97.0–100) |
1295.00 | −0.62 | 0.49 |
| Social ** | 0.37 ± 0.25 | 2.41 ± 0.70 | 0.00 (0.00–3.33) |
1.67 (0.00–10.00) |
1050.00 | −3.68 | <0.01 | |
| Investigate * | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.19 | 0.00 (0.00–3.33) |
0.00 (0.00–10.00) |
1187.50 | −2.48 | 0.03 | |
| Inactive ** | 99.17 ± 0.46 | 95.36 ± 1.12 | 100 (90.00–100) |
96.70 (63.3–100) |
1640.00 | 4.20 | <0.01 | |
| Exposed | 38.70 ± 22.78 | 40.09 ± 11.94 | 10.00 (0.00–100) |
50.00 (0–100) |
1287.50 | −0.30 | 0.77 | |
| European Glass Lizard |
Visibility ** | 81.81 ± 3.49 | 57.91 ± 4.03 | 85.00 (62.5–100) |
51.72 (28.33–90.83) |
199.50 | −3.52 | <0.01 |
| Social | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 (0.00) |
0.00 (0.00) |
306.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Investigate | 1.67 ± 0.40 | 2.88 ± 1.40 | 1.09 (0–0.06) |
0.00 (0–23.53) |
284.00 | −0.75 | 0.46 | |
| Inactive | 92.73 ± 3.47 | 89.23 ± 1.24 | 94.67 (81.9–100) |
94.29 (52.94–100) |
309.00 | 0.10 | 0.93 | |
| Exposed ** | 34.40 ± 3.57 | 13.09 ± 2.67 | 37.50 (9.17–57.50) |
12.71 (0–42.98) |
194.00 | −3.70 | <0.01 | |
| Beaded Lizard | Visibility | 98.77 ± 1.23 | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 100 (50.00–100) |
100 (100) |
2889.00 | −1.42 | 0.49 |
| Social * | 0.50 ± 0.25 | 2.72 ± 1.09 | 0.00 (0.00–6.90) |
0.00 (0.00–33.33) |
2700.50 | −2.35 | 0.02 | |
| Investigate | 3.47 ± 0.61 | 5.15 ± 3.33 | 0.00 (0.00–46.67) |
0.00 (0.00–48.28) |
2833.50 | −0.80 | 0.43 | |
| Inactive | 93.74 ± 0.50 | 88.97 ± 4.20 | 100 (50.00–100) |
100 (34.48–100) |
3116.00 | 1.20 | 0.23 | |
| Exposed | 87.84 ± 6.12 | 98.39 ± 0.50 | 100 (0.00–100) |
100 (83.33–100) |
2945.50 | 0.02 | 0.99 | |
| Sonoran Spiny-tailed Iguana | Visibility | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 100 (100) |
100 (100) |
333.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Social | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 (0.00) |
0.00 (0.00) |
333.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Investigate | 0.19 ± 0.19 | 0.94 ± 0.46 | 0.00 (0.00–3.44) |
0.00 (0.00–6.90) |
307.00 | −1.37 | 0.28 | |
| Inactive | 97.38 ± 1.15 | 96.62 ± 1.31 | 100 (82.76–100) |
100 (82.76–100) |
338.00 | 0.19 | 0.85 | |
| Exposed ** | 99.81 ± 0.19 | 95.35 ± 2.72 | 100 (96.67–100) |
98.33 (50.00–100) |
407.00 | 2.98 | <0.01 | |
| Arrau Turtle | Visibility | 99.69 ± 0.10 | 99.72 ± 0.09 | 100 (96.67–100) |
100 (96.67–100) |
1098.00 | −0.15 | 1.00 |
| Social | 1.05 ± 0.003 | 1.95 ± 0.09 | 0.00 (0.00–3.45) |
0.00 (0.00–6.67) |
993.50 | −1.57 | 0.12 | |
| Investigate | 7.21 ± 3.04 | 9.91 ± 3.42 | 3.33 (0.00–30.00) |
6.67 (0.00–43.33) |
1056.50 | −0.59 | 0.56 | |
| Inactive ** | 5.97 ± 3.70 | 39.89 ± 1.60 | 3.33 (0.00–20.00 |
40.00 (0.00–100) |
660.00 | −5.48 | <0.01 | |
| Exposed | 99.79 ± 0.00 | 99.54 ± 0.09 | 100 (96.67–100) |
100 (96.67–100) |
1148.00 | 1.03 | 0.43 | |
| Dwarf Caiman | Visibility | 99.79 ± 0.00 | 99.81 ± 0.19 | 100 (96.67–100) |
100 (96.67–100) |
1085.00 | −0.09 | 1.00 |
| Social | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.00 (0.00) |
0.00 (0.00–3.33) |
1072.00 | −0.96 | 1.00 | |
| Investigate | 0.21 ± 0.004 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | 0.00 (0.00–3.45) |
0.00 (0.00–3.33) |
1107.50 | 0.68 | 0.48 | |
| Inactive ** | 98.12 ± 0.83 | 99.81 ± 0.01 | 100 (86.67–100) |
100 (96.67–100) |
940.00 | −2.78 | <0.01 | |
| Exposed | 99.27 ± 0.31 | 96.59 ± 2.67 | 100 (83.33–100) |
100 (0.00–100) |
1116.00 | 0.62 | 0.60 | |