Experimental design of soft agar colony formation assay in vitro. For in vitro tumorigenicity test of EVs, MRC-5 and A549 cells (3 × 103 cells/well) are divided into three groups (FBS Free, exosome-depleted FBS, and normal FBS contained well) and each group is assigned a PBS-treated control group. The EVs are incubated with cells on the cell agar layer as shown in the diagram, and the medium is replaced every 3 days. On the 8th day of culture, the agar is solubilized to dissolve both agar and cells, and after treatment with CyQuant GR dye, fluorescence is measured at 485/520 nm to determine whether colony formation increased. FBS, fetal bovine serum; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.