Table 2.
Outcomes at baseline and intervention.
| Outcome | Aspartame (n = 23) | 10% HFCS (n = 18) | 17.5% HFCS (n = 16) | 25% HFCS (n = 28) | Effect of | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatic Lipid Content (MRI-PDFF, %) | Dose 2 | 0.016 | ||||
| Baseline | 1.6 ± 0.8 1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | Sex 3 | 0.13 |
| Intervention | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | MSRF 4 | 0.033 |
| Predicted M ISI (arbitrary units) | Dose | 0.0072 | ||||
| Baseline | 1.52 ± 0.06 | 1.54 ± 0.06 | 1.60 ± 0.06 | 1.52 ± 0.05 | Sex | 0.44 |
| Intervention | 1.55 ± 0.05 | 1.54 ± 0.05 | 1.56 ± 0.06 | 1.45 ± 0.07 | MSRF | 0.33 |
| Matsuda ISI (arbitrary units) | Dose | 0.0087 | ||||
| Baseline | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | Sex | 0.67 |
| Intervention | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | MSRF | 0.59 |
| OGTT Glucose AUC (mmol/L × 3 h) | Dose | 0.0004 | ||||
| Baseline | 20.9 ± 0.7 | 19.2 ± 0.8 | 19.1 ± 1.0 | 21.1 ± 0.7 | Sex | 0.75 |
| Intervention | 19.9 ± 0.7 | 19.7 ± 0.9 | 20.3 ± 1.2 | 22.5 ± 0.9 | MSRF | 0.99 |
| OGTT Insulin AUC (pmol/L × 3 h) | Dose | 0.0004 | ||||
| Baseline | 1392 ± 184 | 1033 ± 65 | 1292 ± 162 | 1335 ± 106 | Sex | 0.89 |
| Intervention | 1229 ± 151 | 1188 ± 97 | 1376 ± 165 | 1625 ± 154 | MSRF | 0.31 |
| HOMA-IR (arbitrary units) | Dose | 0.11 | ||||
| Baseline | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | Sex | 0.97 |
| Intervention | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | MSRF | 0.0087 |
| Lactate AMP (mmol/L) | Dose | <0.0001 | ||||
| Baseline | 0.68 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | Sex | 0.66 |
| Intervention | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 1.01 ± 0.07 | 1.50 ± 0.11 | 1.60 ± 0.09 | MSRF | 0.61 |
| Glucose AMP (mmol/L) | Dose | <0.0001 | ||||
| Baseline | 1.77 ± 0.19 | 1.88 ± 0.18 | 1.90 ± 0.22 | 2.04 ± 0.18 | Sex | 0.17 |
| Intervention | 1.87 ± 0.19 | 2.30 ± 0.16 | 2.63 ± 0.18 | 2.96 ± 0.21 | MSRF | 0.69 |
| Insulin AMP (pmol/L) | Dose | 0.095 | ||||
| Baseline | 544.5. ± 84.0 | 424.3 ± 46.5 | 525.0 ± 62.5 | 506.9 ± 45.1 | Sex | 0.80 |
| Intervention | 567.4 ± 75.7 | 450.7 ± 35.4 | 588.9 ± 54.2 | 595.9 ± 48.6 | MSRF | 0.19 |
| Body Weight (kg) | Dose | 0.017 | ||||
| Baseline | 71.8 ± 2.2 | 70.9 ± 2.4 | 69.9 ± 3.6 | 72.9 ± 2.7 | Sex | 0.079 |
| Intervention | 71.7 ± 2.2 | 70.9 ± 2.4 | 70.2 ± 3.7 | 73.7 ± 2.8 | MSRF | 0.15 |
1 Values are mean ± SEM; 2 effect of dose in the primary statistical trend testing model; 3 effect of sex in same model; 4 effect of MSRF in same model; HFCS, high fructose corn syrup; AUC, area under the curve; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; FST, fasting; AMP, amplitude; MSRF, metabolic syndrome risk factor.