Table 2.

Summary of animal models documenting gut microbiota-targeted therapies for hypertension of developmental origins.

Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapies	Animal Models	Species/Gender	Age at Evaluation	Ref.
Probiotics
Daily oral gavage of Lactobacillus casei (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day)	Maternal high-fructose diet	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[93]
Daily oral gavage of Lactobacillus casei (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day)	Perinatal high-fat diet	SD rat/M	16 weeks	[99]
Prebiotics
5% w/w long chain inulin	Maternal high-fructose diet	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[93]
5% w/w long chain inulin	Perinatal high-fat diet	SD rat/M	16 weeks	[99]
Resveratrol (50 mg/L) in drinking water	Maternal TMAO and ADMA exposure	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[103]
Resveratrol (50 mg/L) in drinking water	Perinatal TCDD exposure model	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[105]
Resveratrol (50 mg/L) in drinking water	Maternal adenine-induced CKD	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[113]
Daily oral gavage of garlic oil (100 mg/kg/day)	Perinatal high-fat diet	SD rat/M	16 weeks	[110]
Postbiotics
Magnesium acetate (200 mmol/L) in drinking water	Maternal high-fructose diet	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[94]
1% DMB in drinking water	Maternal high-fructose diet	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[94]
1% DMB in drinking water	Maternal high-fructose diet and TCDD exposure	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[96]
1% conjugated linoleic acid	Maternal high-fat diet	SD rat/M	18 weeks	[136]
Dietary Nutrients
Daily oral gavage of tryptophan (200 mg/kg/day)	Maternal adenine-induced CKD	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[134]
Daily oral gavage of L- or D-cysteine (8 mmol/kg/day)	Maternal adenine-induced CKD	SD rat/M	12 weeks	[137]

Studies tabulated based on types of intervention and animal models. TCDD = 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; CKD = chronic kidney disease; TMAO = trimethylamine-N-oxide; ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine; SD = Sprague-Dawley rat; DMB = 3,3-maternal dimethyl-1-butanol.