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. 2022 Apr 22;8(1):dvac007. doi: 10.1093/eep/dvac007

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig 4. — Simulation results with different costs for phenotypic plasticity and anticipatory effects. For each parameter combination of P and R, 100 replicate simulations are represented as colored tiles, with colors corresponding to different strategies evolved in that replicate. Costs are (A) $Inline graphic$ , (B) $Inline graphic$ and $Inline graphic$ , (C) $Inline graphic$ and $Inline graphic$ .

Inline graphic — Simulation results with different costs for phenotypic plasticity and anticipatory effects. For each parameter combination of P and R, 100 replicate simulations are represented as colored tiles, with colors corresponding to different strategies evolved in that replicate. Costs are (A) $Inline graphic$ , (B) $Inline graphic$ and $Inline graphic$ , (C) $Inline graphic$ and $Inline graphic$ .