Table 2.
Association between teleworking and race.
| Without Controlling for the Effects of Mediators | Controlling for the Effects of Mediators | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |||
| Independent variable | ||||||
| Race | ||||||
| White (Reference) | ||||||
| Black | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.97 |
| Asian | 1.44 | 1.37 | 1.51 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.20 |
| Hispanic | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.88 |
| Mediator variables | ||||||
| Four-year degree or higher | 2.43 | 2.36 | 2.50 | |||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Management (Reference) | ||||||
| Business and Financial | 1.69 | 1.62 | 1.77 | |||
| Computer and Mathematical | 2.49 | 2.35 | 2.63 | |||
| Architecture and Engineering | 1.19 | 1.11 | 1.28 | |||
| Life, Physical, and Social Science | 1.16 | 1.06 | 1.28 | |||
| Community and Social Service | 1.19 | 1.11 | 1.28 | |||
| Legal | 1.57 | 1.45 | 1.70 | |||
| Education, Training, and Library | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.92 | |||
| Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.25 | |||
| Healthcare Practitioners and Technicians | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.23 | |||
| Healthcare Support | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | |||
| Protective Service | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.16 | |||
| Food Preparation and Serving Related | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |||
| Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |||
| Personal Care and Service | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.24 | |||
| Sales and Related | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.53 | |||
| Office and Administrative Support | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.82 | |||
| Farming, Fishing, and Forestry | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.10 | |||
| Construction and Extraction | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | |||
| Installation, Maintenance, and Repair | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.17 | |||
| Production Occupations | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |||
| Transportation and Material Moving | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |||
| Covariate | ||||||
| Male | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.86 |
| Age category | ||||||
| 16–24 (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–34 | 3.18 | 3.01 | 3.36 | 1.82 | 1.72 | 1.92 |
| 35–54 | 2.77 | 2.62 | 2.93 | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.83 |
| 55–64 | 2.27 | 2.14 | 2.42 | 1.56 | 1.46 | 1.65 |
| 65+ | 2.42 | 2.26 | 2.60 | 1.37 | 1.28 | 1.47 |
| Marital status | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married (Reference) | ||||||
| Widowed, divorced, or separated | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.12 |
| Never married | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.08 |
| Family income | ||||||
| $34,999 or less | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.60 |
| $35,000–$74,999 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.63 |
| $75,000–$149,999 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
| $150,000 & above (Ref) | ||||||
| Full-time status | ||||||
| Part-time worker (Reference) | ||||||
| Full-time worker | 1.38 | 1.35 | 1.42 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.11 |
| Class of worker | ||||||
| Public (Reference) | ||||||
| Self-employed | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| Private | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.78 |
| Metro status | ||||||
| Central city (Reference) | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.53 |
| Not in metro area | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.35 |
| Outside central city | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.77 |
| States (51 state dummies) | ||||||
| Period (15 month/year dummies) | ||||||
| Number of observations | 702,500 | |||||
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.