Table 1.

List of astrocyte to neuron conversion protocols.

Sr No.	Cell Origin	Small Molecule	Neuronal Induction Duration	Neuronal Conversion Efficiency * (Purity) **	Characterization	Reference
1	Human primary astrocyte	Valpoic Acid CHIR99021 Repsox iBET151 ISX-9 Forskolin	18 days	8 % MAP2a+ (70% MAP2a+)	Tuj1+, DCX+, Tau+, NeuN+, GABA+, vGLUT1+, MAP2a+	[42]
2	Human primary astrocyte	CHIR99021 Valpoic Acid DAPT LDN193189 SB431542 TTNPB Thaizovin SAG Puroamphamine	8 days	67% Tuj1+	Tuj1+, DCX+, NeuN+, Syn1+, GABA+, vGLUT1+, MAP2+	[4]
3	Mouse primary astrocyte	Valpoic Acid CHIR99021 Repsox	14 days	24% NeuN+	Tuj1+, DCX+, NeuN+	[43]
4	Mouse Primary Astrocyte	Forskolin ISX9 CHIR99021 iBET151	16 days	89.2 ± 1.4 % Tuj1+	Tuj1+, DCX+, Tau+, NeuN+, GABA+, vGLUT1+, MAP2a+	[44]
5	Mouse Astrocyte C8-D1a cell line	SAG CHIR99021 DAPT Ruxolitinib RepSox Y26732	4 days	82 ± 6% Tuj1+ (94 ± 3% Tuj1+/DCX+)	Tuj1+, DCX+, MAP2+, NeuN+ (vGLUT1+, GAD67+, TH+) ***	This study

* Conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of marker positive cells to the initial number of seeded cells in each visual field. ** Purity is defined as the percentage of marker-induced cells in total cells stained by DAPI. *** Markers in parenthesis were characterized by qRT-PCR.