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. 2022 Apr 18;14(8):1680. doi: 10.3390/nu14081680

Figure 8.

Figure 8

GABA and fermented Curcuma longa L. extract enriched with GABA promote thermogenic program in brown adipose tissue. Mice received vehicle or GABA and fermented Curcuma longa L. extract enriched with GABA (1 or 2 g/kg) once daily for 14 weeks by oral gavage. (A) Immunoblotting of SIRT1, p-AMPK, AMPK, and β-actin in BAT and (B) respective quantitative analysis of protein expression. (C) Immunoprecipitation using an antibody against PGC-1α to evaluate acetylation levels. (D) Heatmap depicting mRNA expression of brown fat-specific genes. (E) Immunoblotting of UCP1 and β-actin in the BAT and quantitative analysis of protein expressions. (F,G) Representative images of the PGC-1α immunohistochemical staining or the immunofluorescence staining of UCP1 on BAT sections and respective quantification of fluorescence intensity. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8, * p < 0.05 vs. NCD + vehicle, & p < 0.05 vs. HFD + FCCL-1, # p < 0.05 vs. HFD + vehicle). BAT, brown adipose tissue, NCD, normal chow diet; HFD, high-fat diet; FCLL-1 and FCLL-2, HFD fed mice received 1 and 2 g/kg fermented Curcuma Longa L. enriched with GABA (FCLL-GABA), respectively; GABA-1 and GABA-2, HFD fed mice receiving 1 and 2 g/kg GABA were assigned, respectively.