Table 2.
Passive smoking and incidence rate of GDM.
| Total No. |
GDM | Non-GDM | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR a (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||||
| No passive smoking | 2304 | 391 (16.97) | 1913 (83.03) | 1 | 1 |
| Passive smoking b (times/week) | 779 | 171 (21.95) | 608 (78.05) | 1.38 (1.12, 1.68) | 1.37 (1.11, 1.70) |
| <1 | 537 | 106 (19.74) | 431 (80.26) | 1.20 (0.95, 1.53) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.55) |
| 1–6 | 153 | 43 (28.10) | 110 (71.90) | 1.91 (1.32, 2.77) | 1.81 (1.22, 2.69) |
| ≥7 c | 89 | 22 (24.72) | 67 (75.28) | 1.61 (0.98, 2.63) | 1.70 (1.02, 2.84) |
Abbreviations: OR—odds ratio; CI—confidence interval. a Adjusted for age, BMI, ethnicity, education, occupation, and parity. b Exposure to secondhand smoke for at least 15 min per occasion. c Test for trend (p < 0.001): comparison of no passive smoking and passive smoking frequencies of < 1, 1–6, and ≥ 7 times/week between GDM and non-GDM pregnant women.