Table 2.

Initial and follow-up results of all cognitive and functional tests for controls and PSD patients.

	Controls	PSD Patients				p Value 2
		NoImp	Imp	p Value 1	All
K-MMSE
Initial	14.0 ± 8.4	12.4 ± 7.6	16.3 ± 7.5	0.206	14.1 ± 7.7	0.787
Follow-up	19.3 ± 9.3	16.1 ± 8.2	21.6 ± 6.8	0.037 *	18.7 ± 8.0	0.491
Gain	5.4 ± 6.8	4.3 ± 3.2	5.4 ± 3.1	0.395	4.7 ± 3.1	0.535
p value 3	0.000 *	0.001 *	0.000 *		0.000 *
CNT
Initial	419.1 ± 180.2	371.5 ± 114.4	415.8 ± 145.1	0.603	390.1 ± 127.8	0.427
Follow-up	449.5 ± 220.7	422.9 ± 191.7	492.3 ± 230.0	0.526	449.9 ± 203.7	0.980
Gain	33.6 ± 70.9	49.1 ± 64.5	36.0 ± 57.7	0.618	44.0 ± 60.5	0.580
p value 3	0.119	0.241	0.237		0.088
K-MBI
Initial	25.7 ± 25.2	19.8 ± 15.5	25.7 ± 25.2	0.718	19.8 ± 15.5	0.103
Follow-up	46.5 ± 28.6	40.1 ± 19.7	46.5 ± 28.6	0.330	40.1 ± 19.7	0.006 *
Gain	18.7 ± 12.7	20.2 ± 15.5	18.7 ± 12.7	0.703	20.2 ± 15.5	0.276
p value 3	0.000 *	0.001 *	0.002 *		0.000 *
FIM
Initial	46.3 ± 22.9	44.1± 15.5	46.3 ± 22.9	0.904	44.1 ± 15.5	0.285
Follow-up	64.7 ± 28.2	59.1 ± 17.5	64.7 ± 28.2	0.525	59.1 ± 17.5	0.013 *
Gain	17.0 ± 11.9	16.5 ± 8.2	17.0 ± 11.9	0.925	16.5 ± 8.2	0.132
p value 3	0.000 *	0.000 *	0.005 *		0.000 *

Note: Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ¹ p values between participants in the NoImp and Imp groups determined by the Mann–Whitney U test, ² p values between participants in the control and PSD groups determined by the Mann–Whitney U test, ³ p values between initial and follow-up values determined by the Wilcoxon sum rank test, * p < 0.05. Abbreviations: PSD = poststroke depression; NoImp = PSD patients showing no symptom improvement; Imp = PSD patients showing improvement in their symptoms; K-MMSE = Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination; CNT = computerized neurocognitive test; K-MBI = Korean version of the modified Barthel index; FIM = functional independence measure.