Table 3.

Initial and follow-up results of K-MMSE categories for controls and PSD patients.

	Controls	PSD Patients				p Value 2
		NoImp	Imp	p Value 1	All
Orientation
Initial	5.1 ± 3.1	4.2 ± 3.5	5.5 ± 3.4	0.224	4.7 ± 3.5	0.630
Follow-up	6.8 ± 3.4	5.3 ± 3.3	7.5 ± 2.6	0.143	6.2 ± 3.2	0.355
Gain	1.7 ± 2.8	1.4 ± 2.1	1.4 ± 2.2	0.688	1.4 ± 2.1	0.916
p value 3	0.003 *	0.020 *	0.077		0.003 *
Registration
Initial	2.3 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 0.3	0.138	2.6 ± 1.0	0.254
Follow-up	2.5 ± 1.2	2.6 ± 1.4	3.0 ± 0.0	0.701	2.8 ± 1.1	0.200
Gain	0.2 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 1.0	0.1 ± 0.3	0.544	0.3 ± 0.8	0.983
p value 3	0.196	0.131	0.343		0.084
Recall
Initial	0.9 ± 1.8	0.5 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 1.5	0.364	0.8 ± 1.1	0.446
Follow-up	1.9 ± 2.1	0.9 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 2.2	0.027 *	1.6 ± 1.8	0.894
Gain	0.9 ± 1.5	0.4 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 1.6	0.026 *	0.9 ± 1.2	0.601
p value 3	0.003 *	0.038 *	0.011 *		0.002 *
Attention and calculation
Initial	1.1 ± 1.3	0.5 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 1.2	0.063	0.8 ± 1.0	0.495
Follow-up	1.7 ± 1.3	1.4 ± 1.4	2.0 ± 0.9	0.374	1.7 ± 1.2	0.946
Gain	0.5 ± 1.3	0.9 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 1.7	0.695	0.8 ± 1.3	0.439
p value 3	0.013 *	0.010 *	0.226		0.007 *
Language and complex commands
Initial	4.6 ± 2.7	4.9 ± 2.7	5.5 ± 2.6	0.762	5.2 ± 2.6	0.341
Follow-up	6.3 ± 3.0	5.8 ± 2.8	7.4 ± 1.5	0.080	6.4 ± 2.5	0.696
Gain	1.4 ± 2.2	1.1 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.8	0.571	1.3 ± 1.4	0.659
p value 3	0.000 *	0.003 *	0.022 *		0.000 *

Note: Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ¹ p values between participants in the NoImp and Imp groups determined by the Mann–Whitney U test, ² p values between participants in the control and PSD groups determined by the Mann–Whitney U test, ³ p values between initial and follow-up values determined by the Wilcoxon sum rank test, * p < 0.05. Abbreviations: PSD = poststroke depression; NoImp = PSD patients showing no symptom improvement; Imp = PSD patients showing improvement in their symptoms.