.Design characteristics and performance of floating MFC biosensorsa.
| Analyte | Sensing element | Design | Separator | Anode | Inoculum | Cathode | Start up/day | Sensitivity | LOD mg L−1 | Operation time | Stack | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Anode | Tubular | Terracotta | CFV | AS | CFV PTFE | 5 | 0.021 Hz min | 57.7 ± 4.8 | 5 months | 4 | 14 |
| WWTP | Anode | Tubular (small boat) | Terracotta | CF | Denitrification tank | AC | 15 | — | — | 3 years | 16 | 69 |
| Anode | Tubular (big boat) | Terracotta | CF | AC | 15 | — | — | 32 | ||||
| Anode | Flat large | PPE felt | CC | CC | 30 | — | — | 1 | ||||
| Anode | Flat medium | PPE felt | CC | CC | 30 | — | — | 4 | ||||
| Anode | Flat small | PPE felt | CC | CC | 30 | — | — | 6 | ||||
| Cu | Anode | Flat | NA | CF | Field mixed | MnO/C | — | 23.5 (LC50) | 10 days | 1 | 64 | |
| Oil | Cathode | Upward Open channel circular | NA | CC | WW | CC/Pt/C teflon | 3 h | 32.11 mV mL−1 | 0.5 mL | 1 | 100 | |
| Oxygen | Cathode | Soil MFC | Terracotta | GF | Soil | CC | 15 | 53.3 ± 22.6 mV L mg−1 | 0 mg L−1 | 3 months | 1 | 72 |
a
WWTP: wastewater treatment plant, PMS: power management system, CFV: carbon fibre veil, PPE: polyphenylene ether, CC: carbon cloth, AC: activated carbon.