Table 3.
Adjusted HR of CRS in the moderate and high concentration groups compared to that in the low concentration group.
| Covariates | SO2 | CO | PM2.5 | NO2 | PM10 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | ||||||
| Age | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.00 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.00 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.00 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.00 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.00 |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.28 |
| Alcoholism | |||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.85 |
| Tobacco dependence | |||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 0.92 | 1.24 | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 0.92 | 1.24 | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.24 |
| COPD | |||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 2.23 | 2.10 | 2.36 | 2.24 | 2.12 | 2.37 | 2.23 | 2.11 | 2.37 | 2.24 | 2.11 | 2.37 | 2.23 | 2.11 | 2.37 |
| Levels of insurance fee | |||||||||||||||
| Lowest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 2nd | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.22 |
| 3rd | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.19 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.09 | 0.99 | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 1.20 |
| Highest | 1.21 | 1.10 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.33 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.33 |
| Urbanization | |||||||||||||||
| Highest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 2nd | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.24 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.19 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 1.17 |
| 3rd | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.93 | 1.10 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 1.07 |
| Lowest | 1.05 | 0.97 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 1.15 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.18 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 1.11 |
| Pollutant levels | |||||||||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Moderate | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.10 | 1.26 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 1.26 |
| High | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 1.21 |
cHR, crude hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, alcoholism, tobacco dependence, COPD, levels of insurance fee, urbanization, and pollutant levels; CI, confidence interval; The annual average air pollutant concentrations were categorized into 3 groups based on tertiles for each air pollutant.