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. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1964. doi: 10.3390/cancers14081964

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Convolutional Neural Network can classify healthy pancreas tissue and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (a) Sections from independent H&E-stained whole images from healthy pancreases (HP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are shown (scale bar = 2 mm). (b) Expert label (ground truth), as determined by a pathologist and (c) classified with the baseline and cleaned network, are shown. HLN (yellow), HP (red), PDAC (blue), background (BG, grey) and adipose tissue (ADI, cyan) are indicated by the pathologist (b) or the CNNs (c). The pooled (d) and individual classification (e), as determined using a baseline and cleaned network, as well as by a pathologist, of whole-image slides from healthy pancreases (HP) (n = 3) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (n = 15) are shown.