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. 2022 Apr 14;11(8):1125. doi: 10.3390/foods11081125

Table 1.

Matrix of experimental design defined by central composite design for the optimization of the process of fermentation of wheat germ. The main experimental responses (total phenolic content (TPC), dimethoxy benzoquinone (DMBQ) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity) are expressed as average ± standard deviation.

Experiment pH Time (h) Type of Microorganism 1 TPC 2 DMBQ 3 DPPH 4
1 7.5 24 Yeast 1.80 ± 0.03 0.07 ± 0.01 50.01 ± 1.12
2 7.5 48 bacteria 2.43 ± 0.05 0.21 ± 0.01 78.13 ± 2.03
3 7.5 72 bacteria 2.05 ± 0.02 0.16 ± 0.03 82.37 ± 1.54
4 7.5 72 Yeast 2.33 ± 0.02 0.12 ± 0.02 71.01 ± 0.98
5 7.5 48 Yeast 2.76 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.01 65.09 ± 1.35
6 6.0 48 bacteria 2.89 ± 0.05 0.52 ± 0.03 65.82 ± 2.47
7 6.0 24 bacteria 2.75 ± 0.04 0.10 ± 0.04 77.78 ± 0.83
8 4.5 48 Yeast 2.53 ± 0.02 0.15 ± 0.03 77.53 ± 1.18
9 4.5 24 bacteria 1.83 ± 0.02 0.09 ± 0.02 59.49 ± 0.88
10 6.0 24 Yeast 2.46 ± 0.03 0.08 ± 0.02 75.44 ± 1.46
11 6.0 72 bacteria 3.05 ± 0.01 0.36 ± 0.01 89.15 ± 1.08
12 4.5 72 bacteria 2.26 ± 0.04 0.21 ± 0.03 80.19 ± 0.91
13 6.0 48 bacteria 2.95 ± 0.05 0.53 ± 0.01 83.24 ± 2.79
14 4.5 72 Yeast 2.33 ± 0.03 0.08 ± 0.03 82.77 ± 2.63
15 7.5 24 bacteria 1.64 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.03 61.08 ± 0.84
16 6.0 48 bacteria 3.41 ± 0.02 0.60 ± 0.04 85.64 ± 1.92
17 4.5 48 bacteria 2.54 ± 0.04 0.40 ± 0.03 75.85 ± 1.53
18 6.0 48 bacteria 3.62 ± 0.03 0.62 ± 0.02 86.88 ± 2.26
19 6.0 72 Yeast 2.75 ± 0.01 0.17 ± 0.02 87.27 ± 2.08
20 6.0 48 Yeast 2.90 ± 0.03 0.23 ± 0.01 80.19 ± 1.27
21 4.5 24 Yeast 1.59 ± 0.05 0.06 ± 0.01 61.08 ± 0.98
22 6.0 48 Yeast 3.45 ± 0.03 0.35 ± 0.03 85.00 ± 1.09
23 6.0 48 Yeast 3.10 ± 0.04 0.25 ± 0.04 81.80 ± 2.34
24 6.0 48 Yeast 3.20 ± 0.01 0.27 ± 0.02 82.34 ± 2.18
25 6.0 48 Yeast 3.34 ± 0.05 0.38 ± 0.02 85.73 ± 0.93
26 6.0 48 bacteria 3.99 ± 0.02 0.64 ± 0.03 88.95 ± 1.63

1 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum); 2 TPC expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g freeze-dried sample; 3 DMBQ contents expressed in mg DMBQ/g freeze-dried sample; 4 DPPH radical scavenging activity expressed as %.