Table 5.

Emotional function during the pandemic—Emotional experience.

Emotions	Control Group	Experimental Group	p Values	Participation in Supportive Groups		p Values
				Yes	No
Agony			0.958			0.010
Yes	50 (36.3%)	60 (36.4%)		35 (46.1%)	25 (28.1%)
No	88 (63.7%)	105 (63.6%)		41 (53.9%)	64 (71.9%)
Sadness			0.001			0.694
Yes	44 (31.8%)	25 (15.2%)		14 (18.4%)	16 (18%)
No	94 (68.2%)	140 (84.8%)		62 (81.6%)	73 (82%)
Fear			0.528			0.635
Yes	46 (33.3%)	52 (31.5%)		25 (32.9%)	29 (32.6%)
No	92 (66.7%)	113 (68.5%)		51 (67.1%)	60 (67.4%)
Anxiety			0.592			0.489
Yes	61 (44.3%)	69 (41.8%)		28 (36.8%)	43 (48.3%)
No	77 (55.7%)	96 (58.2%)		48 (63.2%)	46 (51.7%)
Frustration			0.002			0.928
Yes	47 (34.1%)	30 (18.2%)		15 (19.7%)	17 (19.2%)
No	91 (65.9%)	135 (81.8%)		61 (80.3%)	72 (80.8%)
Calmness			0.051			0.579
Yes	24 (17.3%)	18 (11%)		9 (9.1%)	9 (10.2%)
No	114 (82.7%)	147 (89%)		67 (90.9%)	80 (89.8%)
Loneliness			<0.001			0.031
Yes	45 (32.7%)	23 (13.9%)		15 (19.7%)	8 (8.9%)
No	93 (67.3%)	142 (86.1%)		61 (80.3%)	81 (91.1%)
Guilt			0.114			0.749
Yes	2 (1.8%)	8 (4.9%)		3 (3.9%)	5 (5.1%)
No	136 (98.5%)	157 (95.1%)		73 (96.1%)	84 (94.3%)
Activation			0.152			0.052
Yes	13 (7.5%)	9 (5.5%)		7 (9.2%)	2 (1.9%)
No	125 (92.5%)	156 (94.5%)		69 (90.8%)	87 (98.1%)
Optimism			0.108			0.178
Yes	22 (15.9%)	17 (10.4%)		10 (13.2%)	7 (7.1%)
No	116 (84.1%)	148 (89.6%)		66 (86.8%)	82 (92.9%)
Hope			0.013			0.680
Yes	32 (23.2%)	21 (12.8%)		10 (13.2%)	11 (12.4%)
No	106 (76.8%)	144 (87.2%)		66 (86.8%)	78 (87.6%)
Sense of protection			0.556			0.125
Yes	36 (25.7%)	40 (24.3%)		21 (27.6%)	19 (21.4%)
No	102 (73.9%)	125 (75.7%)		55 (72.4%)	70 (78.6%)
Burden			0.133			0.052
Yes	95 (68.8%)	107 (64.9%)		47 (61.8%)	60 (67.5%)
No	43 (31.2%)	58 (35.1%)		29 (38.2%)	29 (32.5%)
Other			0.454			0.950
Yes	16 (11.4%)	25 (15.2%)		11 (14.5%)	14 (15.8%)
No	122 (88.4%)	140 (84.8%)		65 (85.5%)	75 (84.2%)