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. 2022 Apr 18;15:2477–2490. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S352397

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© 2022 Ye et al.

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Allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa. (A) Representative images of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-2 and IFN-γ expression in nasal mucosa detected by immunohistochemistry. (B–F) Statistical analysis of the percentages of cells positive for (B) IL-4, (C) IL-5, (D) IL-13, (E) IL-2 and (F) IFN-γ in the nasal mucosa. Green and black arrows indicate positively stained cells. Scale bars = 20 μm. The AR group was sensitized with HDM challenge. The AR-SO₂-day15 group and AR-SO₂-day1 group included HDM-sensitized mice exposed to SO₂ beginning on day 15 and day 1, respectively. The NS group was challenged with normal saline instead of HDM. The SO₂-treated control group was challenged with normal saline and exposed to SO₂ beginning on day 1. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs the NS group. ^#p < 0.05 vs the SO2-treated control group. ^ap < 0.05 vs the AR group. ^bp < 0.05 vs the AR-SO₂-day15 group.

Abbreviations: IL-4, interleukin-4; IL-5, interleukin-5; IL-13, interleukin-13; IL-2, interleukin-2; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; NS, normal saline; AR, allergic rhinitis.