Table 5.
Changes in body composition and HbA1c.
| Variable | 0 Week a | 6 Weeks b | 12 Weeks c | Post hoc |
F-Value (p-Value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) |
AE | 62.45 ± 10.35 | 61.84 ± 10.29 | 59.75 ± 9.19 | a > b > c | G: 0.935 (0.403) T: 19.254 (<0.001) G × T: 3.559 (0.011) |
| RE | 57.32 ± 9.10 | 57.12 ± 9.01 | 55.87 ± 7.14 | - | ||
| CG | 59.52 ± 6.51 | 58.58 ± 6.40 | 58.79 ± 6.61 | a > b | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) |
AE | 26.50 ± 4.48 | 26.27 ± 4.53 | 25.34 ± 3.96 | a > b > c | G: 0.526 (0.596) T: 14.373 (<0.001) G × T: 3.774 (0.008) |
| RE | 25.37 ± 2.84 | 25.32 ± 2.83 | 24.87 ± 2.21 | - | ||
| CG | 24.86 ± 2.23 | 24.46 ± 2.25 | 24.57 ± 2.20 | a > b | ||
| Fat (%) |
AE | 38.33 ± 7.34 | 37.93 ± 8.10 | 36.60 ± 7.52 | - | G: 0.199 (0.820) T: 34.508 (<0.001) G × T: 7.331 (<0.001) |
| RE | 38.19 ± 5.81 | 37.53 ± 6.69 | 35.27 ± 5.32 | a > b > c | ||
| CG | 36.32 ± 3.63 | 35.67 ± 3.38 | 35.90 ± 2.72 | a > b | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | AE | 141.0 ± 14.09 | 137.0 ± 12.72 | 133.27 ± 14.29 | a > c | G: 0.476 (0.626) T: 1.018 (0.367) G × T: 2.776 (0.034) |
| RE | 137.7 ± 9.92 | 137.6 ± 14.77 | 143.0 ± 11.79 | - | ||
| CG | 137.2 ± 10.28 | 135.9 ± 8.11 | 131.8 ± 7.92 | b > c | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | AE | 68.33 ± 6.88 | 68.67 ± 7.45 | 67.53 ± 7.34 | - | G: 2.298 (0.116) T: 0.128 (0.880) G × T: 0.835 (0.508) |
| RE | 72.17 ± 6.46 | 73.67 ± 12.30 | 75.08 ± 8.53 | - | ||
| CG | 70.78 ± 5.40 | 70.44 ± 5.90 | 68.56 ± 6.31 | - | ||
| HbA1c (%) |
AE | 6.16 ± 0.29 | 6.09 ± 0.29 | 5.79 ± 0.40 | a > b > c | G: 0.449 (0.642) T: 17.255 (<0.001) G × T: 21.441 (<0.001) |
| RE | 6.08 ± 0.39 | 6.05 ± 0.33 | 5.61 ± 0.39 | a > b > c | ||
| CG | 5.84 ± 0.31 | 5.81 ± 0.41 | 6.08 ± 0.28 | a < b < c | ||
Mean ± SD, AE; aerobic exercise, RE; resistance exercise, CG; control group, BMI; body mass index, SBP; systolic blood pressure, DBP; diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c; glycated hemoglobin, G; Group, T; Time, G × T; Group × Time. a: 0 week; b: 6 weeks; c: 12 weeks.