Table 2.

Nanoparticles used in the treatment of asthma.

Author	Nanoparticle Type	Drug	Developmental Stage	Finding	Ref.
A.L. da Silva, et al.	Polymeric	Thymulin	Preclinical studies	Nanoparticle-based gene treatments to deliver therapeutic genes for asthma safely and effectively.	[50]
Oyarzun-Ampuero, et al.	Polymeric	Heparin	Preclinical studies	Chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA)mucoadhesive nanocarriers and containing the macromolecular drug heparin, suitable for pulmonary delivery	[51]
Chattopadhyay, et al.	Polymeric	Atropine	Preclinical studies	Enhances the lung airway surfaces, reducing hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.	[52]
D.O. Cherk Yong, et al.	Polymeric	Quercetin	In vitro	Effective in reducing the generation of main pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the progression of asthma.	[53]
Ramelli, et al.	Polymeric	Nucleic acid/DNA oligonucleotides	Preclinical studies	Locked nucleic acid/DNA oligonucleotides may be delivered intravenously and have an impact on lung inflammation.	[54]
D. Wang, E. MehrabiNasab, and S.S. Athari	Polymeric	Baicalein	Preclinical studies	Encapsulated and loaded Baicalein nanoparticles both reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, making them potential anti-asthma drugs.	[55]
Wang, et al.	Polymeric	Bavachinin	Preclinical studies	Pharmacokinetically effective and rational therapy.	[56]
Chakraborty, et al.	Polymeric	Andrographolide	Preclinical studies	Nanoparticle formulations have higher bioavailability, efficacy, and efficiency than other formulations.	[57]
Cao, et al.	Nano suspension	Isoliquiritigenin	Preclinical studies	Isoliquiritigenin self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system was shown to have much better bioavailability and anti-asthma effect than isoliquiritigenin suspensions	[58]
Chawla, et al.	Nano Micelles	Curcumin	Preclinical studies	Micellarcurcumin produces an anti-asthmatic effect in a sustained manner.	[61]
Sahib, et al.	Nano Micelles	Beclomethasonedipropionate	Preclinical studies	BAL fluid samples showed a marked decrease in the number of inflammatory cells.	[62]
Choi, et al.	Nano Micelles	Chil3 and Chil4 siRNA	In vitro	Asthma symptoms like airway inflammation and mucus production were reduced.	[63]
Onoue, et al.	Nano Micelles	Chafuroside A	Preclinical studies	Asthma may be treated with the self-assembled micellar formulation of chafuroside A.	[65]
Inapagolla, et al.	Dendrimer	Methylprednisolone	Preclinical studies	For the treatment of inflammatory illnesses such as asthma, dendrimer-conjugated drugs may improve medication retention in the lungs.	[60]
Mahanasr, et al.	Dendrimer	Beclomethasonedipropionate	Preclinical studies	Dexamethasone NPs are superior to free dexamethasone in reducing airway hyperresponsiveness.	[69]