Table 1.
Characteristics of all participants.
| Characteristics | Total Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gout | Control | p-Value | |
| Age (years old, n, %) | 1.000 | ||
| 40–44 | 355 (2.1) | 1420 (2.1) | |
| 45–49 | 1743 (10.5) | 6972 (10.5) | |
| 50–54 | 3171 (19.0) | 12,684 (19.0) | |
| 55–59 | 3141 (18.8) | 12,564 (18.8) | |
| 60–64 | 2623 (15.7) | 10,492 (15.7) | |
| 65–69 | 2320 (13.9) | 9280 (13.9) | |
| 70–74 | 1772 (10.6) | 7088 (10.6) | |
| 75–79 | 1061 (6.4) | 4244 (6.4) | |
| 80–84 | 403 (2.4) | 1612 (2.4) | |
| 85+ | 90 (0.5) | 360 (0.5) | |
| Sex (n, %) | 1.000 | ||
| Male | 13,278 (79.6) | 53,112 (79.6) | |
| Female | 3401 (20.4) | 13,604 (20.4) | |
| Income (n, %) | 1.000 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 2354 (14.1) | 9416 (14.1) | |
| 2 | 2084 (12.5) | 8336 (12.5) | |
| 3 | 2551 (15.3) | 10,204 (15.3) | |
| 4 | 3509 (21.0) | 14,036 (21.0) | |
| 5 (highest) | 6181 (37.1) | 24,724 (37.1) | |
| Region of residence (n, %) | 1.000 | ||
| Urban | 7091 (42.5) | 28,364 (42.5) | |
| Rural | 9588 (57.5) | 38,352 (57.5) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL, mean, SD) | 199.8 (40.2) | 196.5 (37.7) | <0.001 † |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.7 (17.1) | 127.4 (16.4) | <0.001 † |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.5 (11.1) | 79.1 (10.7) | <0.001 † |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 101.7 (28.1) | 102.1 (31.7) | 0.118 |
| Obesity (n, %) ‡ | <0.001 * | ||
| Underweight | 218 (1.3) | 1667 (2.5) | |
| Normal | 4237 (25.4) | 23,280 (34.9) | |
| Overweight | 4585 (27.5) | 18,681 (28.0) | |
| Obesity grade I | 6948 (41.7) | 21,485 (32.2) | |
| Obesity grade II | 691 (4.1) | 1603 (2.4) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | <0.001 * | ||
| Non-smoker | 9545 (57.2) | 37,431 (56.1) | |
| Past smoker | 3376 (20.2) | 12,330 (18.5) | |
| Current smoker | 3758 (22.5) | 16,955 (25.4) | |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | <0.001 * | ||
| <1 time a week | 8665 (52.0) | 37,811 (56.7) | |
| ≥1 time a week | 8014 (48.1) | 28,905 (43.3) | |
| CCI score (score, n, %) | <0.001 * | ||
| 0 | 10,486 (62.9) | 45,574 (68.3) | |
| 1 | 2578 (15.5) | 9111 (13.7) | |
| 2 | 1558 (9.3) | 5289 (7.9) | |
| 3 | 854 (5.1) | 2873 (4.3) | |
| ≥ 4 | 1203 (7.2) | 3869 (5.8) | |
| The days of statin use (day, mean, SD) | 79.4 (195.5) | 57.0 (169.7) | <0.001 † |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 5523 (33.1) | 16,034 (24.0) | <0.001 * |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure. * Chi-square test. Significance at p < 0.05; † Independent t-test. Significance at p < 0.05; ‡ Obesity (BMI, body mass index, kg/m2) was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), ≥18.5 to <23 (normal), ≥23 to <25 (overweight), ≥25 to <30 (obesity grade I), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obesity grade II).