Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of matched women and men with T2DM in secondary prevention by gender.
| Variable | N Subjects | Women | N Subjects | Men | Dif | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD * | 19,593 | 75.39 ± 9.99 | 19,593 | 74.38 ± 9.73 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.11 |
| Diabetes duration (years), mean ± SD * | 9.41 ± 6.50 | 9.19 ± 6.27 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.29 | ||
| Number of visits, mean ± SD *,† | 8.58 ± 5.99 | 8.34 ± 6.45 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.30 | ||
| Smoking habit, n (%) * | 19,324 | 19,342 | |||||
| Nonsmoker | 16,389 (84.81) | 16,230 (83.91) | 0.90 | 0.26 | 1.54 | ||
| Smoker | 958 (4.96) | 740 (3.83) | 1.13 | 0.79 | 1.48 | ||
| Former smoker | 1977 (10.23) | 2372 (12.26) | −2.03 | −2.57 | −1.50 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 13,022 | 30.52 ± 5.65 | 13,181 | 28.83 ± 4.22 | 1.69 | 1.63 | 1.75 |
| HbA1c (%), mean ± SD | 14,738 | 7.31 ± 1.35 | 14,494 | 7.20 ± 1.29 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.13 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) * | 19,593 | 15,046 (76.79) | 19,593 | 15,814 (80.71) | −3.92 | −4.67 | −3.17 |
| Lipid profile (mg/dL), mean ± SD | |||||||
| Total cholesterol | 15,142 | 180.71 ± 39.53 | 14,914 | 163.82 ± 35.82 | 16.89 | 16.46 | 17.32 |
| HDL-c | 13,854 | 50.87 ± 12.94 | 13,772 | 45.10 ± 11.77 | 5.77 | 5.62 | 5.92 |
| LDL-c | 100.16 ± 32.80 | 91.74 ± 29.62 | 8.42 | 8.05 | 8.79 | ||
| TGs | 14,339 | 152.88 ± 87.11 | 14,128 | 141.54 ± 92.12 | 11.34 | 10.30 | 12.38 |
| Hypertension, n (%) * | 19,593 | 18,113 (92.45) | 19,593 | 18,152 (92.65) | −0.20 | −0.64 | 0.24 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 17,381 | 17,326 | |||||
| dBP | 72.15 ± 8.85 | 71.62 ± 8.76 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.62 | ||
| sBP | 134.84 ± 14.51 | 133.84 ± 13.69 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 1.15 | ||
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) * | 19,593 | 2330 (11.89) | 19,593 | 2254 (11.50) | 0.39 | −0.16 | 0.95 |
| Renal disease, n (%) *,$ | 15,067 | 5456 (36.21) | 14,969 | 5223 (34.89) | 1.32 | 0.255 | 2.384 |
| Macrovascular disease, n (%) * | 19,593 | 19,593 | |||||
| CAD | 11,512 (58.76) | 11,942 (60.95) | −2.19 | −3.12 | −1.27 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7532 (38.44) | 7199 (36.74) | 1.70 | 0.79 | 2.61 | ||
| PAD | 3512 (17.92) | 3881 (19.81) | −1.89 | −2.58 | −1.19 | ||
| ≥2 macrovascular complications | 2771 (14.14) | 3157 (16.11) | −1.97 | −2.53 | −1.35 | ||
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; Dif, difference of means between groups; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PAD, peripheral artery disease; rDif, relative percentage difference between sexes; sBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TGs, triglycerides. * Variables matched between study groups. † Number of visits with the primary care team in the previous 12 months. $ Renal disease, including eGFR < 60 mL/min and/or albumin/creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g.