Table 2.
Key molecules participating in HSC regulation by BM niches.
| Molecule | Receptors on HSC Surface | Producing Cells | Regulatory Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| CXCL12 | CXCR4 | MSCs, ECs, ADs | HSC maintenance HSC homing and niche retention |
| SCF | KIT | MSCs, ECs, ADs | HSC survival HSC maintenance and proliferation HSC homing |
| TGF-β | TGFBR1 | MKs | HSC quiescence |
| Osteopontin | CD44 | OBs, MSCs | Suppression of HSC proliferation and expansion |
| Angiopoietin 1 | TIE2 | OBs, MSCs | HSC maintenance HSC quiescence |
| VCAM-1 | VLA4 | MSCs, Mϕ | HSC homing |
| G-CSF/CSF3 | CSF3R | MSCs | Myeloid differentiation HSC mobilization |
| M-CSF/CSF1 | CSF1R | MSCs | Myeloid differentiation |
| TPO | MPL | MKs, OBs | HSC maintenance and proliferation HSC quiescence |
| IGF-1 | IGF1R | OBs | HSC maintenance |
| Pleiotrophin | RPTPZ1 | ECs, MSCs | HSC maintenance |
| Jagged-1 | NOTCH | MSCs, ECs, OBs | HSC maintenance and self-renewal HSC expansion |
| EGF | EGFR | ECs | HSCs survival and maintenance |
| DARC | CD82 | Mϕ | HSC quiescence |
| CXCL4 | CXCR3B | MKs | HSC quiescence |
HSCs—hematopoietic stem cells, MSCs—mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, ECs—endothelial cells, ADs—adipocytes, MKs—megakaryocytes, OBs—osteoblasts, Mϕ—macrophages.