Table 1.
Results of the physicochemical analysis of Witbier-style wheat beers.
| E50 | E25 | G50 | G25 | L50 | L25 | R50 | R25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apparent extract [% ;m/m] | 3.87 cd ± 0.08 | 3.25 a ± 0.06 | 3.94 d± 0.04 | 3.78 c ± 0.07 | 4.49 f ± 0.05 | 3.63 b ± 0.03 | 4.21 e ± 0.06 | 3.67 b ± 0.04 |
| Real extract [%; m/m] | 4.06 c ± 0.05 | 3.49 a ± 0.02 | 4.17 d± 0.05 | 3.94 b ± 0.05 | 4.73 f ± 0.05 | 3.89 b ± 0.04 | 4.65 e ± 0.00 | 3.90 b ± 0.02 |
| Original extract [%; m/m] | 11.67 e ± 0.05 | 10.86 b ± 0.05 | 12.30 f ± 0.00 | 11.03 c ± 0.03 | 13.13 h ± 0.05 | 10.72 a ± 0.02 | 12.65 g ± 0.04 | 11.26 d ± 0.06 |
| Degree of final apparent attenuation [%] |
66.83 d ± 0.03 | 70.07 g ± 0.04 | 67.97 f ± 0.05 | 65.73 a ± 0.04 | 65.80 a ± 0.05 | 66.14 b ± 0.06 | 66.72 c ± 0.02 | 67.41 e ± 0.01 |
| Degree of final real attenuation [%] |
65.21 e ± 0.03 | 67.86 h ± 0.00 | 66.10 g± 0.10 | 64.28 d ± 0.07 | 63.98 c ± 0.03 | 63.71 b ± 0.04 | 63.24 a ± 0.04 | 65.36 f ± 0.06 |
| Content of alcohol [%; v/v] | 3.92 d ± 0.03 | 3.78 c ± 0.06 | 4.20 e±0.10 | 3.64 b ± 0.04 | 4.36 f ± 0.04 | 3.50 a ± 0.10 | 4.14 e ± 0.04 | 3.78 c ± 0.02 |
| Content of alcohol [%; m/m] | 3.10 d ± 0.03 | 3.00 c ± 0.00 | 3.34 e ± 0.04 | 2.89 b ± 0.03 | 3.47 f ± 0.03 | 2.78 a ± 0.00 | 3.29 e ± 0.01 | 3.00 c ± 0.05 |
| Colour [EBC units] | 6.3 a ± 0.1 | 7.7 c ± 0.1 | 6.7 b ± 0.1 | 7.8 c ± 0.0 | 6.7 b ± 0.1 | 8.0 d ± 0.1 | 6.2 a ± 0.0 | 8.4 e ± 0.2 |
| Titratable acidity [0.1 M NaOH/100 mL] |
2.72 c ± 0.03 | 2.08 a ± 0.02 | 2.48 b ± 0.04 | 2.04 a ± 0.04 | 2.92 e ± 0.06 | 2.48 b ± 0.08 | 2.80 d ± 0.00 | 2.04 a ± 0.02 |
| pH | 4.32 f ± 0.02 | 4.12 e ± 0.03 | 4.40 g ± 0.00 | 3.92 c ± 0.04 | 4.03 d ± 0.03 | 3.62 a ± 0.05 | 4.04 d ± 0.05 | 3.71 b ± 0.02 |
| Bitter substances [IBU] | 11.7 a ± 0.0 | 12.2 b ± 0.2 | 13.0 d ± 0.1 | 12.1 b ± 0.1 | 12.6 c ± 0.2 | 12.0 b ± 0.0 | 13.3 e ± 0.0 | 12.8 cd ± 0.2 |
| Content of carbon dioxide [%] | 0.43 a ± 0.03 | 0.43 a ± 0.00 | 0.44 ab ± 0.02 | 0.46 ab ± 0.01 | 0.47 b ± 0.01 | 0.46 ab ± 0.00 | 0.43 a ± 0.03 | 0.44 ab ± 0.04 |
| Energy value [kcal/100 mL] | 43.94 e ± 0.02 | 40.61 b ± 0.04 | 46.35 f ± 0.00 | 41.48 c ± 0.04 | 49.79 h ± 0.03 | 40.30 a ± 0.00 | 47.92 g ± 0.02 | 42.30 d ± 0.05 |
Data are expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SD; SD—standard deviation. Mean values within rows with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). E—‘Elixer’ cultivar; G—‘Gimantis’ cultivar; L—‘Lawina’ cultivar; R—‘Rockefeller’ cultivar; 50—beer without wheat malt; 25—added wheat malt.