| GGBFS | ground granulated blast furnace slag |
| OPC | ordinary Portland cement |
| XRD | X-ray powder diffraction |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| EDS | energy dispersive spectroscopy |
| W/S | water to slag ratio |
| C-(A)-S-H | calcium (aluminum) silicate hydrates |
| LOI | loss on ignition |