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The photograph represents the gestational tryptophan fluctuation in the chicken model for bullying research. Embryonic Trp or 5-HT exposure regulates neuronal development, neurotransmission, intestinal histomorphology, and microbiota composition, consequently altering the postnatal behavioral and physiological exhibitions, which determines an individual’s psychosocial development during the lifespan. 5-HT: serotonin; BW: body weight; Trp: tryptophan.
