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. 2022 Apr 15;12(8):1366. doi: 10.3390/nano12081366

Table 2.

Performance comparison of TENGs with different triboelectric materials.

Property Friction Materials Electrodes Optimal Output Size Application Ref.
Robust PTFE/caption Cu/Al 70 V, 0.8 μA, 10.5 nC 6 × 4 × 0.15 cm3 Energy harvesting [188]
Implantable PTFE Cu/Ti 70 V, 0.55 µA, 25 nC — In vivo cancer therapy [184]
PFA Au/Cu 9.71 V, 427 µA 4 × 4 cm2 Ultrasound driven energy harvesting [106]
PTFE Cr/Cu 2.2 V, 0.1 µW — Breath energy harvesting [105]
PTFE Cu/Al 14 V, 5 µW 2.5 × 1 × 0.15 cm3 Cardiac monitoring [3]
caption Cu/Al 22 V, 0.3 µA — Energy harvesting [51]
silicone Au 16.8 mV, 54.4 nW — Ultrasound driven energy harvester [155]
PTFE Au/Al 6.2 V 10 × 5 × 1 mm3 Endocardial pressure sensor [103]
caption Au/Al 12 V, 0.25 µA 1.2 × 1.2 cm2 Powering prototype pacemaker [144]
caption Au/Al 187 V, 19.5 μA,.80.2 nC 3.9 × 6.1 × 0.099 cm3 Powering cardiac pacemaker [179]
a PVA-NH2/PFA Au/Cu 136 V, 2 μA/cm3 15 mm in radius, 2.4 mm in height Powering cardiac pacemaker [5]
b BA-TENG c cellulose/chitin/SF/RP/EW Mg 55 V, 0.6 µA, 12 nC — Energy harvesting [189]
d PLA/C Mg 3.2 V — Blood pressure sensor [93]
e PLGA/PCL/PLA Au 28 V, 220 nA 1.2 × 1.2 cm2 Tissue repair [190]
f SH-TENG SH-PCL/PVDF Cu/AgNWs 800 V, 28 μA 3 × 3 cm2 Energy harvesting [197]
Parylene-C/silicone f SH-IH 78.44 V, 1.42 μA, 47.48 nC 3 × 5 cm2 Muscle strength sensor [205]
vitrimer elastomer Al/AgNWs 26 V, 350 nA, 10 nC 10 × 3 cm2 Energy harvesting, pressure/tactile senser [200]
silicone slime 50 V, 6.5 µA/cm2, 17 nC/cm2 2 × 2 cm2 Energy harvesting [201]
shape memory polymer Al 100 V, 15 µA 4 × 2.5 cm2 Energy harvesting [204]
SH-PUA/latex g PUA-SF-LM 100 V, 4 μA/cm2, 12 nC/cm2 3 × 3 cm2 Energy harvesting [209]

a PVA-NH2: Amine-functionalized poly (vinyl alcohol); PFA: Perfluoroalkoxy. b BA: biodegradable and absorbable. c SF: silk fibroin; RP: rice paper; EW: egg white. d PLA/C: poly (lactic acid)–(chitosan 4%); e PLGA: poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide); PCL: poly (caprolactone). f SH: Self-healing; IH: ionic hydrogel. g SF: silver flakes; LM: liquid metal.