Table 3.
Recent studies of the developed dressings for wound healing.
| № | Dressings | Size of Wound | Observations In Vivo | Animal | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Structure: nanofibers had a diameter between 200 to 300 nm, size of NPs 50–100 nm Composition: chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/copper NPs |
Wound: 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm Area: 225 mm2 |
The wound closure rate of the negative control group was 18.46%, 59.89%, 62.42%, and 88.07%, and the wound closure rate of the positive control group was 25.33%, 72.85%, 95.32%, and 97.90% for 3, 7, 11, and 15 days, respectively | Rat | [42] |
| 2 | Structure: film and gel functionalized by NPs (11.5–18.71 nm) Composition: bacterial cellulose/ betulin diphosphate/ ZnO NPs |
Burn rea: 1400 ± 50 mm2 Depth: 3–5 mm |
On day 21, the wound area treated with BC-ZnO NPs-BDP films was reduced by 34.3%, while when treated with ZnO NPs-BDP oleogel, a large decrease of up to 40.6% was observed. In the untreated control, the closure rate was just 19.2% | Rat | [40] |
| 3 | Structure: electrospun fibers (648.1 ± 72.2 nm) with NPs Composition: PLA + Ca NPs |
12 mm square skin wounds Area: 452 mm2 |
80% contraction in wound area vs. 62% in the untreated control on 8 days | Diabetic mice | [44] |
| 4 | Structure: hydrogel with NPs (size 99.1 ± 2.3 nm) Composition: chitosan/PEG/Ag NPs |
20 mm square skin wounds Area: 1256 mm2 |
A 47.7 ± 1.8% contraction in the wound area was recorded with the AgNPs impregnated chitosan-PEG hydrogel group, compared to 12.6 ± 1.3% in the negative control | Diabetic rabbit |
[51] |
| 5 | Standard of care dressings impregnated with copper oxide microparticles (COD) | 9.26 ± 6.9 cm2 (range of 1.35–23.6 cm2) | Following 1 month of copper improved treatment, there was a clear reduction in the mean wound area (53.2%; p = 0.003), an increase in granulation tissue (43.37; p < 0.001), and a reduction in fibrins (47.8%; p = 0.002). In the control group, wound closure was less than 20% | Clinic diabetic foot ucler | [45] |
| 6 | Structure: hydrogel Composition: gelatin/hyaluronic acid/thrombomodulin |
8-mm diameter round-shaped wound Area: 201 mm2 |
On day 10, wound closure was 80% for hydrogel with thrombomodulin vs. the 40% untreated control | Mice | [50] |
| 7 | Structure: electrospun fibers (90–120 nm) Composition:Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) |
10-mm diameter round-shaped wound Area: 314 mm2 |
On day 9, the wound contraction rate for the PVA/EPP1 group reached nearly 72% vs. 54% for the control group | Diabetic mice |
[52] |
| 8 | Structure: electrospun fibers (110 ± 74 nm) Composition: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/ Beta-glucan |
1 cm × 1 cm Area: 100 mm2 |
βG-nanofibers 95% healing vs. 40% healing of control in 24 days | Diabetic mice | [53] |
| 9 | Structure: hydrogel Composition: chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) and loaded with superoxide dismutase | 10-mm diameter round-shaped wound Area: 314 mm2 |
After 21 days, closure rate is 92.0% ± 3.7% compared with the control group (85.4% ± 2.4%) | Diabetic mice | [49] |
| 10 | Structure: hydrogel Composition: glycol chitosan, loaded by growth factors (VEGF and PDGF-BB) | 5-mm diameter round-shaped wound Area: 157 mm2 |
On day 3, hydrogel dressing demonstrated 60% closure rate vs. less than 5% for the Duoderm dressing | Diabetic mice | [48] |