Table 5.
Differences in lipopolysaccharide and phytohaemagglutinin-induced changes in various cytokines/growth factors between patients with clinical depression and healthy controls (HC).
| Variables z Scores |
HC | Depression | Effect | Wald | Df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1RA | −0.321 (0.106) | 0.214 (0.141) | G | 9.45 | 1 | 0.002 |
| IL-5 | −0.442 (0.034) | 0.295 (0.217) | G | 11.02 | 1 | 0.001 |
| CXCL8 | −0.312 (0.015) | 0.208 (0.192) | G G × T |
7.30 8.85 |
1 3 |
0.007 0.031 |
| IL-9 | −0.178 (0.064) | 0.118 (0.121) | G | 5.19 | 1 | 0.023 |
| IL-10 | −0.083 (0.150) | 0.055 (0.134) | G × T | 13.34 | 3 | 0.004 |
| IL-12 | −0.391 (0.067) | 0.261 (0.204) | G | 8.09 | 1 | 0.004 |
| IL-15 | −0.455 (0.098) | 0.303 (0.178) | G | 12.81 | 1 | <0.001 |
| IL-17 | −0.415 (0.073) | 0.277 (0.208) | G | 9.71 | 1 | 0.002 |
| FGF | −0.404 (0.093) | 0.269 (0.183) | G | 10.75 | 1 | 0.001 |
| G-CSF | −0.421 (0.013) | 0.281 (0.219) | G | 10.28 | 1 | 0.001 |
| GM-CSF | 0.134 (0.166) | −0.089 (0.181) | G × T | 8.05 | 3 | 0.045 |
| IFN-γ | −0.255 (0.145) | 0.170 (0.155) | G | 4.05 | 1 | 0.044 |
| CXCL10 | −0.357 (0.140) | 0.238 (0.129) | G | 9.48 | 1 | 0.002 |
| CCL3 | 0.437 (0.009) | −0.292 (0.220) | G | 10.91 | 1 | 0.001 |
| CCL5 | −0.223 (0.115) | 0.149 (0.140) | G G × T |
4.21 8.11 |
1 3 |
0.040 0.044 |
| TNF-α | −0.246 (0.092) | 0.169 (0.148) | G | 6.19 | 1 | 0.013 |
| VEGF | −0.415 (0.112) | 0.277 (0.163) | G | 12.54 | 1 | <0.001 |
Results of GEE analyses with cytokines/growth factors as dependent variables and time, group (depression versus controls), and group by time interactions (G × T) as explanatory variables. The effects of groups and/or the interactions between group and time are shown when significant (the time effects are shown in Table 3). All data are shown as estimated marginal mean (mean ± SE) values.