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. 2022 Mar 25;12(4):479. doi: 10.3390/life12040479

Table 5.

Studies/investigations on in vitro antifungal activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oils, extracts, and other.

Part Used Main Component Experimental Method Tested Organism Key Results References
Essential Oil
Leaves Not specified Disc diffusion Micro-dilution Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Candida albicans
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus sp.
Φ = 20 mm; MIC = MFC = 1 µg/mL
Φ = 19 mm; MIC = MFC = 2 µg/mL
Φ = 17 mm; MIC = MFC = 2 µg/mL
Φ = 14 mm; MIC = 16; MFC > 16 µg/mL
[111]
Flower Cis-β-farnesene (27%) Agar dilution
(25–100 µL/mL)
Aspergillus flavus AFl375
Aspergillus niger FC24771
Aspergillus terreus Y.H. Yeh V0103
Fusarium culmorum CBS 128537
Φ = 10.66–52.33%
Φ = 89.66–100%
Φ = 87–84%
Φ = 91–86.66%
[88]
Aerial parts (95% flowers) Trans-β-farnesene (18.7–38.5%)
α-Bisabolol (38.3%)
α-Bisabolol oxide A (25%)
Macro-dilution Candida albicans ATCC 10231 MFC = 2000–4000 µg/mL [27]
Flower α-Bisabolol oxide A (48.22%) Disc diffusion
(7.5–20 µg/disc)
Micro-dilution
Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Aspergillus flavus ATCC 16875
Φ ~14–26 mm; MIC = 19 µg/mL
Φ ~9–23 mm; MIC = 12.5 µg/mL
[115]
Aerial parts Trans-β-farnesene (42.2%) Micro-dilution Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888
MIC = 313 μg/mL
MIC = 625 μg/mL
[131]
Flower α-Pinene (22.10%) Broth dilution Candida albicans (30 resistant)
Candida albicans (30 susceptible)
MIC = 1700; MFC = 2300 μg/mL
MIC = 1550; MFC = 2200 μg/mL
[146]
Extracts
Leaves Methanol Not specified Disc diffusion Micro-dilution Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Candida albicans
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus sp.
Φ = 15 mm; MIC = MFC = 100 µg/mL
Φ = 15 mm; MIC = MFC = 100 µg/mL
Φ = 14 mm; MIC = 100; MFC > 100 µg/mL
Φ = 13 mm; MIC = 200; MFC > 200 µg/mL
[111]
Leaves and flower
Methanol
Aqueous
Chloroform
Phenols Disc diffusion Candida albicans ATCC 24433

Fusarium sp.
Chloroform: Φ = 6 mm
Other extracts: No inhibition
Chloroform: Φ = 6 mm
Other extracts: No inhibition
[134]
Flower
Ethanol
Phenol content
(151.45 mg CAE/mL)
Micro-dilution Aspergillus niger MIC = 39.1 µg/mL [117]
Not specified
Methanol
4-Amino- 1,5-pentandioic acid Well diffusion Aspergillus terreus Φ = 5.89 mm [141]
Flower
Alcohol 70%
Not specified Spectrophotometer device Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growth decrease = 48% at 3000 μg/mL [148]
Aerial part
Aqueous
Not specified Well diffusion Candida albicans Φ = 0.26–2.56 mm; MIC = 5–40% [143]
Seeds
Aqueous
Sulfated derivatives
Phenol content
(16.4–19.7 mg GAE/g)
(19.2–22.4 mg GAE/g)
Disc diffusion Penicillium citrinum
Aspergillus niger
Aqueous: Φ = 10–12 mm
Sulfated derivatives: Φ = 10–12 mm
Aqueous: Φ = 10 mm
Sulfated derivatives: Φ = 7–10 mm
[149]
Not specified
Aqueous
Not specified Disc diffusion
(15–25%)
Candida albicans ATCC 24433 Φ = 24.16 mm at concentration of 25% [144]
Flower
Methanol Ethanol Hexane
Diethyl ether
Not specified Disc diffusion
(7.5–20 µg/disc)
Micro-dilution
Candida albicans ATCC 10231



Aspergillus flavus ATCC 16875
Methanol: Φ = 15–23 mm; MIC = 10 µg/mL
Ethanol: Φ = 8–21 mm; MIC = 12.5 µg/mL
Hexane: Φ = 9–23 mm; MIC = 10 µg/mL
Diethyl ether: Φ = 8–20 mm; MIC = 15 µg/mL
Methanol: Φ = 18–24 mm; MIC = 12.5 µg/mL
Ethanol: Φ = 11–18 mm; MIC = 15 µg/mL
Hexane: Φ = 8–20 mm; MIC = 12.5 µg/mL
Diethyl ether: Φ = 6–21 mm; MIC = 17.5µg/mL
[115]
Other
Flower Peptide AMP1 Broth microdilution Candida albicans
Aspergillus sp.
MIC = 3.33–6.66 μmol
MIC = 6.66–13.32 μmol
[150]