| HM | heavy metal |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| MAPKKK | MAPKK kinase |
| MAPKK | MAPK kinase |
| ROS | active oxygen |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| SA | salicylic acid |
| ABA | abscisic acid |
| IAA | auxin |
| ET | ethylene |
| bZIP | basic leucine zipper |
| HSF | heat shock transcription factor |
| MYB | myeloblastosis protein |
| ERF | ethylene-responsive transcription factor |
| bHLH | Basic helix–loop–helix |
| WRKY | WRKYGQK domain |
| TFs | transcriptional factors |
| H2S | hydrogen sulfide |
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