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. 2022 Mar 30;11(4):526. doi: 10.3390/biology11040526

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Changes in velocity or trajectory of spermatozoa from five hamster species during incubation in the absence (control) or the presence of penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE). Spermatozoa were collected in medium with (dark squares) or without PHE (white squares) and incubated at 37 °C under air for up to 4 h. Principal component analysis returned one main velocity component (velocity PC1) and two trajectory components (trajectory shape PC1, trajectory shape PC2). (A,D,G,J) Velocity PC1. (B,E,H,K) Trajectory shape PC1. (C,F,I,L) Trajectory shape PC2. Values are means ± standard errors. Different letters between times of incubation for the same treatment indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in a DGC post-hoc test. Asterisks indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) between treatments for the same time in a DGC post-hoc test.