Table 1.

List of representative cognitive biases shared with participants.

Cognitive Biases	Explanation
Availability bias	It is instinctive to think of things that come to mind easily. This is also influenced by what I have been through recently, among other things.
Overconfidence bias	It is easy to believe judgements about the self and others who are overconfident.
Anchoring bias	You cling on to your first thought and do not consider other possibilities.
Confirmation bias	This entails underestimating information that does not fit one’s hypothesis.
Hassle bias	This is associated with quickly processing thoughts that we physically and mentally process with ease.
Rule bias	You blindly follow general rules that are not always correct.
Base rate neglect	Individuals may ignore the frequency of a disease; sometimes, finding a rare disease accelerates this even further.
Visceral bias	You may have positive or negative feelings about the patient, which may influence your decision.
Premature closure	Upon making a diagnosis, you cease to think about it further. This is a strong bias that may contribute most to errors.
Maslow’s hammer	When using a hammer, you want to hit a nail. This is easier to do when you have a technique (e.g., endoscopy and cardiac catheterization).