Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard model.
| No. of Cardiovascular Disease | Observed Person-Years |
Incidence Density (per 1000 Person-Years) |
Crude HR | 95% CI | Adjusted HR † | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occlusion/dysfunction | |||||||
| No | 5 | 508 | 9.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 31 | 1062 | 29.2 | 2.92 | 1.13–7.54 | 3.05 | 1.14–8.20 |
| Age | |||||||
| 20–40 | 4 | 214 | 18.7 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 40–65 | 23 | 863 | 26.7 | 1.46 | 0.50–4.22 | 1.42 | 0.44–4.53 |
| ≥65 | 9 | 493 | 18.3 | 1.01 | 0.31–3.27 | 1.78 | 0.49–6.50 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 17 | 847 | 20.1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 19 | 723 | 26.3 | 1.32 | 0.69–2.54 | 1.04 | 0.50–2.13 |
| Hypertension | 23 | 855 | 26.9 | 1.51 | 0.76–3.00 | 1.79 | 0.85–3.78 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 | 182 | 38.6 | 1.87 | 0.82–4.27 | 3.33 | 1.07–10.36 |
| Diabetes | 6 | 401 | 15.0 | 0.59 | 0.25–1.43 | 0.40 | 0.15–1.06 |
| Heart failure | 6 | 193 | 31.1 | 1.43 | 0.60–3.44 | 0.92 | 0.34–2.48 |
| COPD | 3 | 120 | 25.0 | 1.13 | 0.35–3.68 | 0.55 | 0.11–2.65 |
| Autoimmune disease | 3 | 73 | 41.1 | 1.78 | 0.55–5.83 | 1.84 | 0.47–7.24 |
| Asthma | 2 | 30 | 67.8 | 3.43 | 0.82–14.33 | 3.61 | 0.55–23.69 |
| Chronic liver disease | 6 | 341 | 17.6 | 0.72 | 0.30–1.74 | 0.61 | 0.24-1.56 |
| Warfarin | 4 | 90 | 44.6 | 2.06 | 0.73–5.82 | 0.97 | 0.29-3.19 |
| Corticosteroids | 4 | 466 | 8.6 | 0.30 | 0.11–0.85 | 0.24 | 0.08–0.71 |
| Statin | 4 | 199 | 20.1 | 0.86 | 0.31–2.45 | 0.36 | 0.09–1.49 |
| Aspirin | 10 | 169 | 59.1 | 3.30 | 1.58–6.87 | 2.94 | 1.24–6.98 |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. † Adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, COPD, autoimmune disease, asthma, chronic liver disease, warfarin, corticosteroids, statin, and aspirin.