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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The cross-validation curve at different λ values. The left vertical-dotted line with ln λ = −3.306 (or λ = 0.037) had the highest AUC value, indicating that the model used 17 variables that had the best prediction performance.