Comparing the tensile properties of synthesized scaffolds with those reported in previous studies.
| Sample (film) | Thickness (μm) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation at break (%) | Elastic modulus (GPa) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agar | 45.1 ± 2.3 | 40.3 ± 4.0 | 19.4 ± 4.2 | 1.39 ± 0.23 | 49 |
| Agar/lignin | 55.9 ± 2.6 | 44.1 ± 3.6 | 16.1 ± 4.3 | 1.48 ± 0.13 | |
| Agar/lignin/AgNP0.5 | 54.9 ± 7.4 | 45.5 ± 4.6 | 16.2 ± 5.1 | 1.49 ± 0.15 | |
| Agar/lignin/AgNP1.0 | 54.3 ± 2.9 | 49.7 ± 3.3 | 16.7 ± 4.7 | 1.60 ± 0.08 | |
| Agar/lignin/AgNP1.5 | 57.2 ± 1.9 | 47.0 ± 3.5 | 16.2 ± 3.4 | 1.52 ± 0.23 | |
| Agar/lignin/AgNP2.0 | 53.0 ± 1.4 | 45.6 ± 2.2 | 16.7 ± 2.9 | 1.50 ± 0.13 | |
| Agar | 51.8 ± 0.9 | 34.9 ± 0.8 | 12.0 ± 0.8 | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 50 |
| Agar/CuS0.25 | 58.8 ± 1.5 | 40.6 ± 1.1 | 18.9 ± 2.1 | 1.29 ± 0.53 | |
| Agar/CuS0.50 | 59.2 ± 1.2 | 47.6 ± 1.1 | 17.4 ± 1.4 | 1.49 ± 0.09 | |
| Agar/CuS1.0 | 60.9 ± 1.4 | 43.0 ± 0.4 | 15.6 ± 0.5 | 1.42 ± 0.02 | |
| Agar/CuS2.0 | 60.2 ± 1.3 | 41.1 ± 1.4 | 16.1 ± 1.5 | 1.35 ± 0.04 | |
| Agar | 60.5 ± 1.0 | 45.5 ± 2.7 | 26.7 ± 2.7 | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 55 |
| Agar/lignin1% | 60.3 ± 1.3 | 48.2 ± 3.2 | 27.6 ± 2.8 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | |
| Agar/lignin3% | 61.1 ± 1.0 | 52.1 ± 2.8 | 27.0 ± 2.0 | 1.35 ± 0.09 | |
| Agar/lignin5% | 57.1 ± 1.9 | 50.7 ± 3.1 | 22.4 ± 2.7 | 1.46 ± 0.09 | |
| Agar/lignin10% | 57.8 ± 2.4 | 51.8 ± 3.3 | 22.1 ± 2.6 | 1.47 ± 0.09 | |
| SF hydrogel (NaAc-HAc buffer) | — | — | — | 0.09 ± 10.0 | 56 |
| SF hydrogel (PBS buffer) | — | — | — | 0.08 ± 8.5 | |
| Alkaline lignin/SF (NaAc-HAc buffer) | — | — | — | 0.18 ± 32.9 | |
| Alkaline lignin/SF (PBS buffer) | — | — | — | 0.17 ± 10.7 | |
| Cross-linked lignin–agarose hydrogel | 58.6 ± 3.4 | 52.7 ± 2.5 | 25.4 ± 3.7 | 1.87 ± 0.11 | This study |
| Cross-linked lignin–agarose/SF hydrogel | 65.3 ± 1.8 | 174.1 ± 3.7 | 10.6 ± 1.9 | 28.43 ± 0.19 | |
| Cross-linked lignin–agarose/SF/ZnCr2O4 nanobiocomposite | 66.2 ± 2.6 | 176.2 ± 1.4 | 12.3 ± 3.5 | 29.51 ± 0.05 |