Table 2.
Dietary intakes of study participants across quartile categories of DRRDS*.
| Quartiles of DRRDS | P † | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 292) | Q2 (n = 233) | Q3 (n = 283) | Q4 (n = 242) | ||
| Nutrients | |||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2,115.88 ± 681.03 | 2,326.52 ± 744.69 | 2,373.94 ± 647.33 | 2,345.00 ± 672.77 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 265.55 ± 85.15 | 321.90 ± 115.09 | 339.72 ± 99.45 | 348.94 ± 110.94 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/d) | 67.89 ± 26 | 75.67 ± 26.30 | 82.04 ± 27.51 | 85.74 ± 31.59 | <0.001 |
| Fat (g/d) | 91.94 ± 39.99 | 87.95 ± 37.42 | 83.0.0711 ± 31.18 | 74.26 ± 26.73 | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 18.85 ± 6.51 | 22.11 ± 7.72 | 24.54 ± 8.13 | 24.48 ± 7.70 | <0.001 |
| Food items | |||||
| Cereal fiber (g/d) | 10.79 ± 4.86 | 13.33 ± 6.15 | 14.82 ± 5.67 | 15.93 ± 5.93 | <0.001 |
| Nuts (g/d) | 1.21 ± 3.90 | 2.14 ± 4.84 | 3.25 ± 7.84 | 2.89 ± 4.96 | <0.001 |
| Caffeine (mg/d) | 169.74 ± 133.72 | 282.09 ± 252.30 | 280.20 ± 195.61 | 314.85 ± 230.08 | <0.001 |
| Whole fruits (g/d) | 138.49 ± 162.74 | 154.02 ± 131.55 | 188.61 ± 181.83 | 179.33 ± 120.38 | <0.001 |
| PUFA to SFA | 0.15 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.26 | 0.29 ± 0.25 | 0.42 ± 0.38 | <0.001 |
| GI | 62.37 ± 2.62 | 62.88 ± 2.41 | 62.86 ± 2.37 | 63.06 ± 2.18 | 0.007 |
| Trans fatty acids (g/d) | 0.58 ± 0.38 | 0.47 ± 0.29 | 0.38 ± 0.25 | 0.23 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
| SSBs/fruit juices (g/d) | 2.05 ± 4.11 | 1.49 ± 2.88 | 1.68 ± 3.59 | 0.92 ± 3.62 | 0.04 |
| Red and processed meats (g/d) | 14.31 ± 14.96 | 11.26 ± 12.51 | 11.02 ± 20.99 | 6.08 ± 8.63 | <0.001 |
*
All values are mean ± SD.
†
ANOVA for all variables.
PUFA to SFA, Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid; GI, Glycemic index; SSB, Sugar-sweetened beverages.