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. 2022 Apr 23;29(42):63709–63721. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20314-x

Table 2.

Johansen’s cointegration test (step 1)

Step 1: H =f(HE, RDexp, PET, GDP, Edu)
Infant mortality (Imo) Life expectancy (LE)
Rank = 0* Trace test Critical value (5%) Trace test Critical value (5%)
0 184.836 95.75 196.376 95.75

* denotes rejection of the null hypothesis at 5% significance level